Vanessa-Haruko, R.N.

Central Venous Pressure Monitoring

2011-07-31T15:36:00.002+08:00

Central venous pressure (CVP) describes the pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava, near the right atrium of the heart. CVP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. It is a good approximation of right atrial pressure, which is a major determinant of right ventricular end diastolic volume (right ventricular preload).

CVP can be measured by connecting the patient's central venous catheter to a special infusion set which is connected to a small diameter water column. If the water column is calibrated properly the height of the column indicates the CVP.

Factors which increase CVP are:

Hypervolemia
forced exhalation
Tension pneumothorax
Heart failure
Pleural effusion
Decreased cardiac output

Factors which decrease CVP are:

Hypovolemia
Deep inhalation

Chest Tube Thoracostomy (CTT)

2011-07-31T01:44:00.003+08:00

The free end of the tube is usually attached to an underwater seal, below the level of the chest to allow the fluid or air to move from the pleural space, preventing anything returning to the chest.

Sizes of Chest Tube:
Newborn = 12-14 Fr
Child = 18 Fr
Adult or Teen Male = 28-32 Fr
Pp Adult or Teen Female = 28 Fr

A chest tube is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted through the side of the chest into the pleural space.

Indications

Pneumothorax: accumulation of air in the pleural space
Pleural effusion: accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Chylothorax: a collection of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space
Empyema: a pyogenic infection of the pleural space
Hemothorax: accumulation of blood in the pleural space
Hydrothorax: accumulation of serous fluid in the pleural space

Contraindications

Contraindications to chest tube placement include refractory coagulopathy, lack of cooperation by the patient, and diaphragmatic hernia. Additional contraindications include scarring in the pleural space (adhesions)

Insertion site
- 5th intercostal space slightly anterior to the mid axillary line, or
- in an area described as the "safe zone", a region bordered by: the lateral border of pectoralis major, a horizontal line inferior to the axilla, the anterior border of latissimus dorsi and a horizontal line superior to the nipple

Procedure

A small incision is made over the "safe zone" after injection of a local anesthesia, and a passage is made through the skin and muscle into the chest. The tube is placed through this passage.

Once the tube is in place it is sutured to the skin to prevent it falling out and a dressing applied to the area.

A chest radiograph confirms the location of the drain.

The tube stays in for as long as there is air or fluid to be removed, or risk of air gathering.

Chest Drainage Canister

There are generally three chambers.
1. The first chamber is a collecting chamber.
2. The second is the "water seal" chamber which acts as a one way valve. Air bubbling through the water seal chamber is usual when the patient coughs or exhales but may indicate, if continual, a pleural or system leak that should be evaluated critically. It can also indicate a leak of air from the lung.
3. The third chamber is the suction control chamber. The height of the water in this chamber determines the negative pressure of the system. Bubbling should be kept a gentle bubble to limit evaporating the fluid. Increased wall suction does not increase the negative pressure of the system.

Complications

Major complications are hemorrhage, infection, and reexpansion pulmonary edema. Chest tube clogging can also be a major complication if it occurs in the setting of bleeding or the production of significant air or fluid. When chest tube clogging occurs in this setting, a patient can suffer from pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax, or in the setting of infection, an empyema. All of these can lead to prolonged hospitilization and even death. To minimize potential for clogging, surgeons often employ larger diameter tubes. These large diameter tubes however, contribute significantly to chest tube related pain. Even larger diameter chest tubes can clog.[4] In most cases, the chest tube related pain goes away after the chest tube is removed, however, chronic pain related to chest tube induced scarring of the intercostal space is not uncommon.

Injury to the liver, spleen or diaphragm is possible if the tube is placed inferior to the pleural cavity. Injuries to the thoracic aorta and heart have also been described.

Minor complications include a subcutaneous hematoma or seroma, anxiety, shortness of breath (dyspnea), and cough (after removing large volume of fluid).

Subcutaneous emphysema indicates backpressure created by a clogged drain or insufficient negative pressure.

Glasgow Coma Scale

2011-07-30T23:11:00.006+08:00

Best eye response (E)

There are 4 grades starting with the most severe:

No eye opening
Eye opening in response to pain. (Patient responds to pressure on the patient’s fingernail bed; if this does not elicit a response, supraorbital and sternal pressure or rub may be used.)
Eye opening to speech. (Not to be confused with an awaking of a sleeping person; such patients receive a score of 4, not 3.)
Eyes opening spontaneously

Best verbal response (V)

There are 5 grades starting with the most severe:

No verbal response
Incomprehensible sounds. (Moaning but no words.)
Inappropriate words. (Random or exclamatory articulated speech, but no conversational exchange)
Confused. (The patient responds to questions coherently but there is some disorientation and confusion.)
Oriented. (Patient responds coherently and appropriately to questions such as the patient’s name and age, where they are and why, the year, month, etc.)

Best motor response (M)

There are 6 grades starting with the most severe:

No motor response
Extension to pain (abduction of arm, internal rotation of shoulder, pronation of forearm, extension of wrist, decerebrate response)
Abnormal flexion to pain (adduction of arm, internal rotation of shoulder, pronation of forearm, flexion of wrist, decorticate response)
Flexion/Withdrawal to pain (flexion of elbow, supination of forearm, flexion of wrist when supra-orbital pressure applied ; pulls part of body away when nailbed pinched)
Localizes to pain. (Purposeful movements towards painful stimuli; e.g., hand crosses mid-line and gets above clavicle when supra-orbital pressure applied.)
Obeys commands. (The patient does simple things as asked.)

Interpretation

Individual elements as well as the sum of the score are important. Hence, the score is expressed in the form "GCS 9 = E2 V4 M3 at 07:35".

Generally, brain injury is classified as:

Severe, with GCS ≤ 8
Moderate, GCS 9 - 12
Minor, GCS ≥ 13.

Tracheal intubation and severe facial/eye swelling or damage make it impossible to test the verbal and eye responses. In these circumstances, the score is given as 1 with a modifier attached e.g. 'E1c' where 'c' = closed, or 'V1t' where t = tube. A composite might be 'GCS 5tc'. This would mean, for example, eyes closed because of swelling = 1, intubated = 1, leaving a motor score of 3 for 'abnormal flexion'. Often the 1 is left out, so the scale reads Ec or Vt.

The GCS has limited applicability to children, especially below the age of 36 months (where the verbal performance of even a healthy child would be expected to be poor). Consequently the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale, a separate yet closely related scale, was developed for assessing younger children.

Revisions

Glasgow Coma Scale: While the 15 point scale is the predominant one in use, this is in fact a modification and is more correctly referred to as the Modified Glasgow Coma Scale. The original scale was a 14 point scale, omitting the category of 'abnormal flexion'. Some centres still use this older scale, but most (including the Glasgow unit where the original work was done) have adopted the modified one.

Tracheal intubation

2011-07-30T22:11:00.014+08:00

Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a flexible plastic tube into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs. It is frequently performed in critically injured, ill or anesthetized patients to facilitate ventilation of the lungs, including mechanical ventilation, and to prevent the possibility of asphyxiation or airway obstruction. The most widely used route is orotracheal, in which an endotracheal tube is passed through the mouth and vocal apparatus into the trachea. In a nasotracheal procedure, an endotracheal tube is passed through the nose and vocal apparatus into the trachea. Other methods of intubation involve surgery and include the cricothyrotomy (used almost exclusively in emergency circumstances) and the tracheotomy, used primarily in situations where a prolonged need for airway support is anticipated.

USE OF ANESTHESIA
Intubation is usually performed after administration of general anesthesia and a neuromuscular-blocking drug. It can however be performed in the awake patient with local or topical anesthesia, or in an emergency without any anesthesia at all.

PROCEDURE
1. An anesthesiologist opens the patient's mouth by separating the lips and pulling on the upper jaw with the index finger. Holding a laryngoscope in the left hand, he or she inserts it into the mouth of the patient with the blade directed to the right tonsil.
2. Once the right tonsil is reached, the laryngoscope is swept to the midline, keeping the tongue on the left to bring the epiglottis into view. The laryngoscope blade is then advanced until it reaches the angle between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis.
3. Next, the laryngoscope is lifted upwards towards the chest and away from the nose to bring the vocal cords into view. Often an assistant has to press on the trachea to provide a direct view of the larynx.
4. The anesthesiologist then takes the endotracheal tube, made of flexible plastic, in the right hand and starts inserting it through the mouth opening. The tube is inserted through the cords to the point that the cuff rests just below the cords.
5. Finally, a balloon cuff is typically inflated just above the far end of the tube to help secure it in place, to prevent leakage of respiratory gases, and to protect the tracheobronchial tree from receiving undesirable material such as stomach acid.
6. The tube is then secured to the face or neck and connected to a T-piece, anesthesia breathing circuit, bag valve mask device, or a mechanical ventilator.
6. Using a stethoscope , the anesthesiologist listens for breathing sounds to ensure correct placement of the tube.

COMPLICATIONS
Tracheal intubation can be associated with minor complications such as broken teeth or lacerations of the tissues of the upper airway. It can also be associated with potentially fatal complications such as pulmonary aspiration of stomach contents which can result in a severe and sometimes fatal chemical aspiration pneumonitis, or unrecognized intubation of the esophagus which can lead to potentially fatal anoxia.

INDICATIONS

Depressed level of consciousness - Damage to the brain (such as from a massive stroke, non-penetrating head injury, intoxication or poisoning) may result in a depressed level of consciousness. When this becomes severe to the point of stupor or coma (defined as a score on the Glasgow Coma Scale of less than 8),[3] dynamic collapse of the extrinsic muscles of the airway can obstruct the airway, impeding the free flow of air into the lungs. Furthermore, protective airway reflexes such as coughing and swallowing may be diminished or absent. Tracheal intubation is often required to restore patency (the relative absence of blockage) of the airway and protect the tracheobronchial tree from pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents.

Hypoxemia - Intubation may be necessary for a patient with decreased oxygen content and oxygen saturation of the blood caused when their breathing is inadequate (hypoventilation), suspended (apnea), or when the lungs are unable to sufficiently transfer gasses to the blood. Such patients, who may be awake and alert, are typically critically ill with a multisystem disease or multiple severe injuries.[1] Examples of such conditions include cervical spine injury, multiple rib fractures, severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or near-drowning. Specifically, intubation is considered if the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) is less than 60 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) while breathing an inspired O2 concentration (FIO2) of 50% or greater. In patients with elevated arterial carbon dioxide, an arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) greater than 45 mm Hg in the setting of acidemia would prompt intubation, especially if a series of measurements demonstrate a worsening respiratory acidosis. Regardless of the laboratory values, these guidelines are always interpreted in the clinical context.[5]

Airway obstruction - Actual or impending airway obstruction is a common indication for intubation of the trachea. Life-threatening airway obstruction may occur when a foreign body becomes lodged in the airway; this is especially common in infants and toddlers. Severe blunt or penetrating injury to the face or neck may be accompanied by swelling and an expanding hematoma, or injury to the larynx, trachea or bronchi. Airway obstruction is also common in people who have suffered smoke inhalation or burns within close to the airway or epiglottitis caused by infection. Sustained generalized seizure activity and angioedema are other common causes of life-threatening airway obstruction which may require tracheal intubation to secure the airway.[1]

Manipulation of the airway - Diagnostic or therapeutic manipulation of the airway (such as bronchoscopy, laser therapy or stenting of the bronchi) may intermittently interfere with the ability to breathe; intubation may be necessary in such situations.[4]

EQUIPMENT

Laryngoscopes

Laryngoscope handles with an assortment of Miller blades (large adult, small adult, child, infant and newborn)

This device is designed to allow the laryngoscopist to directly view the larynx. It consists of a handle containing batteries that power a light and a set of interchangeable blades, which are either straight or curved.

Laryngoscope handle with an assortment of Macintosh blades (large adult, small adult, child, infant and newborn)

The Macintosh blade is the most widely used curved laryngoscope blade,[8] while the Miller blade[9] is the most popular style of straight blade.[10] Both Miller and Macintosh laryngoscope blades are available in sizes 0 (infant) through 4 (large adult).

Stylets

An intubating stylet is a malleable metal wire designed to be inserted into the endotracheal tube to make the tube conform better to the upper airway anatomy of the specific individual. This aid is commonly used with a difficult laryngoscopy.

Tracheal tube

The endotracheal tube has a fitting designed to be connected to a source of pressurized gas such as oxygen. At the other end is an orifice through which such gases are directed into the lungs and may also include a balloon (referred to as a cuff). The tip of the endotracheal tube is positioned above the carina (before the trachea divides to each lung) and sealed within the trachea so that the lungs can be ventilated equally.

Originally made from latex rubber,[28] most modern endotracheal tubes today are constructed of polyvinyl chloride. Tubes constructed of silicone rubber, wire-reinforced silicone rubber or stainless steel are also available for special applications. For human use, tubes range in size from 2 to 10.5 mm (0.1 to 0.4 in) in internal diameter. The size is chosen based on the patient's body size, with the smaller sizes being used for infants and children.

METHODS TO CONFIRM PLACEMENT

No single method for confirming tracheal tube placement has been shown to be 100% reliable. Accordingly, the use of multiple methods for confirmation of correct tube placement is now widely considered to be the standard of care.[32] Such methods include direct visualization as the tip of the tube passes through the glottis. With a properly positioned tracheal tube, equal bilateral breath sounds will be heard upon listening to the chest with a stethoscope, and no sound upon listening to the area over the stomach. Equal bilateral rise and fall of the chest wall will be evident with ventilatory excursions. A small amount of water vapor will also be evident within the lumen of the tube with each exhalation and there will be no gastric contents in the tracheal tube at any time.[31]

Ideally, at least one of the methods utilized for confirming tracheal tube placement will be a measuring instrument. Waveform capnography has emerged as the gold standard for the confirmation of tube placement within the trachea. Other methods relying on instruments include the use of a colorimetric end-tidal carbon dioxide detector, a self-inflating esophageal bulb, or an esophageal detection device.[33] The distal tip of a properly positioned tracheal tube will be located in the mid-trachea, roughly 2 cm (1 in) above the bifurcation of the carina; this can be confirmed by chest x-ray. If the tracheal tube is inserted too far into the trachea, the tip will often be located within the right main bronchus, because this bronchus has a less acute angle than the left.[34]

4 Ways to Strengthen Your Immune System

2009-11-09T11:19:00.003+08:00

Hype about immune boosters can end up putting a real pinch your wallet. Here are tips you can bank on.

By Christopher Woolston

1. Go nuts for E. Immune cells can’t function without proper nutrition, says Simin Meydani, PhD, director of the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center at Tufts University. "In an outbreak, a deficiency of nutrients can be as dangerous as not washing your hands," she says. But many people don't get enough vitamin E, a proven immune enhancer, says Patricia Sheridan, PhD, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. You need at least 15 mg of E daily, she says, which you can get in a generous handful of almonds (7 mg of E per ounce). The elderly and people with weakened immune systems may need a supplement of 200 mg of E, Meydani believes.

Most people don't get enough vitamin E, a proven immune enhancer.

In her study of nursing home residents, supplementing with that amount cut the risk of colds and flu by about 20 percent. Don't take more, though: One highly publicized study suggested that high doses (400 mg per day or more) can increase the risk of death.

2. Don't stint on selenium. This trace mineral helps build immune system enzymes. Most people in the United States aren't deficient but could use a little extra to sharpen their immune systems, Sheridan says. She recommends about 55 micrograms, which you can get in a tuna sandwich.

3. Consider popping the "sunshine vitamin." Vitamin D is needed to produce certain germ-killing proteins (a recent study suggests that low levels raise the risk of respiratory infection by more than 35 percent). But many people fall short, says Michael Holick, MD, professor of medicine at Boston University. You can't get much vitamin D from food, so Holick recommends that adults supplement with 1,000 IU a day, plus a multivitamin containing another 400 IU.

4. Work out (but don’t burn out). Even a little exercise can wake up the immune system, says Thomas Lowder, PhD, at the University of Houston. (Exercise that wrecks you for days can actually make you more vulnerable, though.) In a 2006 study, women either exercised moderately five times a week or stretched once a week. By study's end, the exercisers were only one third as likely as the stretchers to be sniffling and sneezing. "Nobody can say for sure how much exercise it takes to improve the immune system," Lowder says. "But it's not much, and it happens very quickly."

Fiber: The New Superstar Nutrient

2009-11-09T11:19:00.001+08:00

Find out why getting fiber from whole foods is important for a healthy diet.

By Janis Graham

Fiber has never been what you’d call a sexy nutrient. Suddenly, it’s a superstar: Manufacturers are adding it to yogurt, juice, even artificial sweetener. But as with many celebrities, there’s an unseemly backstory: Experts aren’t sure that these fiber-boosted foods are worth trying.

Beans are an excellent source of fiber.

Yes, you should eat lots of fiber. There’s no question that a diet rich in high-fiber foods is a powerful lifesaver—it’s known to lower the risk of heart disease and diabetes, and it helps prevent weight gain. Recent studies show a fiber-rich diet cuts the risk of breast cancer, too, and the chances you’ll develop cancer of the small intestine.

But the new foods might not count. That’s because many of them use “isolated” fiber—stuff that’s been stripped out of the foods that originally contained it, says nutrition expert Tara Gidus, RD. Isolated fibers like inulin, polydextrose, and maltodextrin are flavorless and don’t turn juice and yogurt into a gummy, grainy glop. The downside: There’s no evidence that they protect against chronic diseases.

So go ahead and try a glass of fiber-boosted grape juice, or stir some fiber into your coffee along with your artificial sweetener. Just don’t forget to also eat more whole grains, beans, and fruits and veggies—they’re proven lifesavers.

Tastier Than You Think
Not crazy about stewed prunes (4 g fiber per 1/2 cup)? Try these surprising high-fiber foods:
1 artichoke - 10 g
1 pear - 6g
1/2 cup raspberries - 4g
1/4 cup hummus - 4g

How To Stop Excessive Sweating In A Natural Way

2009-11-09T11:18:00.003+08:00

Excessive sweating is often painful and causes of fear of a person. There are many challenges related to the condition that more than physical suffering.

There are many opportunities for common sense, the problem of feeding the sweating is an important factor regarding the problem. A person should avoid drinking too much caffeine in coffee and soft drinks.

Caffeine is the poor condition because they can foster fear and more importantly, the hyper activity of the nervous system. Drink plenty of water every day to clean your system. Rejects water and regulates your body of toxins.

Food is another important point. Eat more fruits and vegetables in the integrated power plan. Try to remove excess sugar to improve their ability to reduce sweating. Always wear clothes, skin to breathe.

Loose clothing is best for your skin. The cotton fiber is good in the wet and warm wool in winter. Do not wear clothes close, the problem worse by sweating.

Bath and shave every day under the arms is a good exercise for this problem. Avoid red meat and strong smell of fish, as we know, increased sweating. Stress causes sweat to find an exercise to be done in a newspaper, work to reduce stress.

Walking is a simple and economic form of exercise. Practice of meditation and breathing to calm these factors contribute to an effective reduction of sweating to. Stress is often a great thing, like not forget this. If you have the common sense of these councils, improving their chances to reduce or control sweating.

It is not only a treatment, worked for 95% of people who have their method. This workaround for your problem lean away for the rest of his life, and that is security. They have a duty to try himself. For more information, please click the link below. Try and if you do not get their money.

Lower Your Cholesterol

2009-11-09T11:18:00.001+08:00

Find out how to eat and exercise for lower cholesterol, learn easy, effortless ways to lower your cholesterol and get the facts on cholesterol supplements, statins and other cholesterol medication.

Are You At Risk?

Heart disease is the No. 1 killer among both men and women. And about half of all adults in America have cholesterol levels that are too high. Take our quiz to test your knowledge about cholesterol, and get tips on how to improve your diet, exercise, and other factors that can affect your heart disease risk.

Ready, Set, Lower Cholesterol!

Quiz: Test your cholesterol IQ
Eat for better cholesterol: 12 Essential foods
Dinner ideas: 14 Cholesterol-friendly recipes
Risk factors you can change
Cholesterol: Myth vs. reality

Weight Loss Tips

2009-11-09T10:32:00.001+08:00

Men and women are different. They have different needs, different structures of the body and different levels of the hormone. Therefore, it is clear that the weight loss for women is at least something different from the weight loss for men.

While the principles that I recommend to all persons of weight loss are the same, to the extent that it will have positive effects on the individual depends on many things, including sex. Women can, for example, have more success using hormonal balance than men because they are more likely to suffer more estrogen dominant.

However, here are some simple principles of weight loss for women:

1. Drink more water - the water helps eliminate toxins and hydration, refreshing and replenishing your body's cells. More water means a cleaner and more efficient.

2. Balance your hormones - hormone imbalance affects all women to some extent. In terms of weight loss, I firmly believe that all women are much more the results using a natural hormone balancing method to do nothing. It should be a part of your weight loss and efforts to benefit more ways to enumerate here.

3. Suppression of your system - the parasites remain a problem for many people. The contracts are in contact with animals or travel abroad through consumption of contaminated water among many other ways. You can remove all the pests naturally through security and effective remedies rather than drugs.

4. Intelligent exercise - Do strength training and make sure your cardio is as high as you can handle.

5. Get your right to food - Avoid AGT and highly processed foods, such as eating near the source of raw food as possible.

The RN Contract Trap

2009-11-09T10:30:00.001+08:00

- Atty. Robert Reeves, Apr 27, 2009

For many foreign nurses

(RNs) the chance to immigrate to the U.S. is the opportunity of a life time. For so many, immigrating to the

U.S. is the reason they went to nursing school and took up the profession. Many others, such as marketing majors, physicians, computer engineers, etc. have switched professions to become nurses in order to immigrate to the

U.S.

The shortage spurred the growth and creation of hybrid industries such as nurse registries and temporary nursing staff companies. These types of companies assign nurses on a temporary basis with their client hospitals, medical facilities, and private homes.

A nurse working for one of these companies for example, might find herself working at Hospital A for 2 days out of the week and Hospital B for 3 days. Then, a few months later, working 4 days for Hospital C. The RN goes wherever her employer has been contracted to provide services. She is not an employee of the hospital, but rather the registry company.

Because of the shortage, various RN employers (hospitals, agencies, RN staffing companies) heavily recruit for RNs overseas. Foreign RNs who wish to immigrate are delighted at the opportunity the recruiters offer and are often all too eager to sign up.

While this path may be one of the easiest ways to immigrate, it is not without its pitfalls. Employment-based sponsorship means the RN will be allowed to immigrate if the RN intends to work on a permanent basis for the petitioning employer. This is a critical condition of immigrating that carries consequences if not fulfilled.

During the typical recruitment process, the RNs are promised sponsorship in exchange for working for the employer. Contracts are prepared and representations are made regarding the nature of work, type of work, place of work, working conditions and wages. Many RNs are so eager to immigrate, they do not carefully read these contractual documents, ask serious questions regarding the terms and conditions, or have the contracts reviewed by their own attorney.

In the excitement of the prospect of immigrating to the U.S. many RNs are seduced with the notion that the dream job

awaits them in the U.S. For some this is true, but for many, it has drastic consequences. The RNs gloss over the contracts and assume an attitude of, “I’ll deal with it later.”

The most common contractual clause that wreaks havoc on an immigrating RN’s life is the breach of contract damages clause. Most contracts typically require the RN to work for a specific number of years and failure to do so triggers the damages clause. The damages can range from $15,00 to $50,000 dollars!

Many RNs signing these contracts are unfamiliar with the litigious culture in the U.S. Some come to the U.S. and find the working conditions and salaries they were told they would receive are not the same as represented when first recruited. Some conditions are so unbearable.

For example, being placed in graveyard shifts in hospitals far from home. Or, not being placed in any hospital and collecting no salary while the sponsor tries to obtain a new client for the RNs placement. Many of these RNs then leave their employers and this is when additional tragedy strikes.

The employer begins a campaign of harassment and may sue for breach of contract and obtains a judgment against the RN for the penalty amount. The judgment typically comes with a wage garnishment order. This means the RN’s new employer is required to pay a portion of the RN’s wages to the sponsor to cover the judgment. Because RNs are in a licensed occupation requiring a reporting of where they work, it is very simple for the sponsor to locate the RN and exact the judgment.

But, worse than a breach of contract is the possible immigration consequence. The RN has obtained permanent residency because she stated she intends to work on a permanent basis for her sponsor. By leaving or changing employers shortly after entering the U.S., she has now opened the door for the Immigration Service to revoke the green card! Some employers immediately notify the Immigration Service when an RN leaves exposing the RN to possible green card revocation and deportation.

For many others, the immigration consequence comes several years later when the RN is applying for U.S. citizenship. The Immigration Service reviews the basis of the green card and determines how long the RN worked for her sponsor. If it determines that the RN has only worked for a short period of time, it may begin revocation and deportation proceedings against both the RN and her family members who obtained green cards through her.

These tragic consequences can be avoided by careful review in the beginning. For many of those currently in the position, there is still immigration and contractual relief available. The U.S. Constitution prohibits slavery and indentured servitude and because in many cases the sponsoring employer breaches the contract, the employee is not liable for any damages. This core constitutional value is the basis for providing relief to those forced to leave their sponsors. This will be the subject of our second part of this article.

Author's Note: The analysis and suggestions offered in this column do not create a lawyer-client relationship and are not a substitute for the individual legal research and personalized representation that is essential to every case.

Reeves & Associates, a PLC

Unit 507 Tower One Ayala Triangle

6767 Ayala Ave., Makati City, Philippines 1226

Phone: (632) 759-6777

Facsimile: (632) 759-7888

scasal@rreeves.com

Pasadena, CA Phone: (626) 795-6777

San Francisco, CA Phone: (415) 568-3777

Las Vegas, NV: (702) 227-9888

Philippine Job Fair

2009-11-09T10:29:00.003+08:00

Date & Venue	Event & Organizer
December 8, 2009 at 9:00 to 6:00 pm Zamboanga City	Zamboanga City Overseas Job Fair! by: DOLE-PESO Zamboanga City DOLE-PESO is inviting all jobseekers to attend and apply on overseas job opportunities to be offered by POEA licensed agencies which will take part on DOLE-PESO job fair.
December 4-5, 2009 at 9:00 am to 5:00 pm DOLE-CARAGA Conference Room	CARAGA Local and Overseas Job Fair! by: DOLE-PESO CARAGA DOLE-PESO is inviting all jobseekers to attend and apply on local and overseas job opportunities to be offered by local companies and agencies which will take part on DOLE-PESO job fair.
December 2, 2009 at 9:00 am to 6:00 pm Pasay City Hall	Pasay Local and Overseas Job Fair by: DOLE-PESO Pasay DOLE-PESO is inviting all jobseekers to attend and apply on local and overseas job opportunities to be offered by local companies and agencies which will take part on DOLE-PESO job fair.
December 2-4, 2009 at 9:00 to 5:00 pm People's Coliseum, Santiago City, Isabela	Isabela Local and Overseas Job Fair by: TESDA, DOLE, PESO DOLE-PESO is inviting all jobseekers to attend and apply on local and overseas job opportunities to be offered by local companies and agencies which will take part on DOLE-PESO job fair.
November 27, 2009 at 9:00 am to 5:00 pm Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay	TESDA Overseas Job Fair at Zamboanga City by: TESDA-Zamboanga City TESDA is inviting all jobseekers to attend the TESDA Overseas jobfair to be attended by POEA, DOLE and POEA licensed agencies.
November 27, 2009 at 8:00 am to 3:00 pm Marikina Sports Park, Sta. Elena, Marikina City	Mega Job Fair 2009 by: WorkAbroad.ph in cooperation with government of Marikina City and PESO WorkAbroad.ph in cooperation with the City Government of Marikina and the Public Employment Service Office (PESO) invites all jobseekers to attend the “Mega Job Fair 2009” on November 27, 2009 at the Marikina Sports Park, Sta. Elena, Marikina City.
Nov. 20-21, 2009 at 9:00 to 5:00 pm Lanuza, Surigao Del Sur	CARAGA Overseas Job Fair! by: DOLE-CARAGA DOLE-PESO is inviting all jobseekers to attend and apply on overseas job opportunities to be offered by licensed agencies which will take part on DOLE-PESO job fair.
November 18-19, 2009 at 9:00 am to 5:00 pm Zamboanga City	Local and Overseas Job Fair in Zamboanga City! by: TESDA-Zamboanga City TESDA is inviting all jobseekers to attend and apply on local job opportunities to be offered by local companies and agencies which will take part on TESDA job fair.
November 12, 2009 at 9:00 am to 5:00 pm Municipal Hall, Governor Generoso, Davao Oriental	Davao Oriental Local and Overseas Job Fair by: PESO-Gov. Generoso, Davao Oriental DOLE-PESO is inviting all jobseekers to attend and apply on local and overseas job opportunities to be offered by local companies and agencies which will take part on DOLE-PESO job fair.
November 12, 2009 at 9:00 to 6:00 pm Provincial Gov't of Surigao Del Norte & DOLE Surigao Del Norte	Surigao Del Norte Local and Overseas Job Fair by: Provincial Gov't of Surigao Del Norte & DOLE Surigao Del Norte DOLE-PESO is inviting all jobseekers to attend and apply on local and overseas job opportunities to be offered by local companies and agencies which will take part on DOLE-PESO job fair.
November 5-6, 2009 at 9:00 am to 5:00 pm Provincial Gov't of Nueva Viscaya. Bayombong, Nueva Viscaya	Join the Local and Overseas Job Fair in Nueva Vizcaya! by: DOLE-PESO Nueva Vizcaya DOLE-PESO is inviting all jobseekers to attend and apply on local job opportunities to be offered by local companies and agencies which will take part on DOLE-PESO job fair.
October 28-29, 2009 at 9:00 am to 5:00 pm Surigao City	Local and Overseas job Fair in Surigao City! by: Surigao City - LGU & DOLE - Surigao del Norte DOLE-PESO is inviting all jobseekers to attend and apply on local job opportunities to be offered by local companies and agencies which will take part on DOLE-PESO job fair.
October 6-7, 2009 at 10:00 am to 6:00 pm Trinoma Activity Center, Trinoma Mall Edsa Cor. North Avenue, Quezon City	3rd North Triangle Career Fair 2009 by: AdExhibit, Inc. Look for job in BPO, KPO, Medical, Conglomerate and in other industry available for both Local and Overseas.

Job Description of Nurse

2009-11-09T10:29:00.001+08:00

Nature of Job:

Nurses are responsible for safety, treatment and recovery of ill and injured people, health maintenance and treatment of life-threatening emergencies in various health care situations. They may also be engage in research and sometimes practice non-clinical duties for delivery of health care.

Basic Tasks:

Basically, nurses take care and treat ill, injured, and disabled patients, as well as newborn babies and their mothers.
Assist surgeons during operations take charge of nursing works and other non-medical staff in operating theater.
In-charge with the medicine and drugs, apply surgical dressings and give other forms of treatment prescribed by physicians;
Keep records and reports accurate and detailed;
Help in preparing mentally-ill patients, physical and psychological, for treatment;
Take care of patients in their homes;
Render nursing services, care and advice in a community; industrial and other organizations; and/or at workplace;
May engage in research activities related to nursing.

Education and Training Requirements:

Must have a Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing and holds a license issued by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) to practice the profession.

Skills and Competency Requirements:

Can relay information effectively;
Excellent reading comprehension;
Logistic reasoning which is use in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems;
Analytical skills;
Can communicate well both oral and writing
Sensitivity, the ability to tell whether there’s something wrong or might go wrong.

Salary Range:

Local Employment

P6,000 – every month for entry level for government employed in rural areas.

P8,000 - every month for entry level for government employed in urban areas

P12,000 – every month in private sector

Overseas Employment

$4,000 – United States

$34,221 – United Kingdom ($17,000 entry level)

$700 - $1,500 - Middle East

Work Environment:

Clinics and Hospitals

Working Hours:

Nurses work for 8 hours but it depends to the call of their duty.

Career Advancement

There are several distinct levels of the nursing career structure distinguished by increasing education, responsibility, and skills. Advanced practice nursing which involves diagnosis of health problems and prescription of medication and other therapies is the next career move for a professional nurse. These are the clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners who have acquired a PhD and have gained specialization in clinical nursing, research, health policy, teaching, and consultancy.

Employment Opportunities

Except in hospitals, clinics and other establishments, nurses can also work in the emerging local job market for them such as:

Medical Tourism
Medical Transcription
Rural Health Centers
Day Care Centers
Alternative Health Care Delivery System
Home health care
Long-term care facilities for the elderly
Independent nurse practice
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)

Demand for nurses in global job market is continuously increasing particularly in the First World Countries such as United States, Canada, Ireland, United Kingdom and Australia as well as in the Middle East. In the future, the Filipino nurses will also reach Slovenia, Cyprus, Italy and Japan. There will also be an opportunity for them under a direct-hiring scheme in Auckland and New Zealand.

Professional Organizations:

Philippine Nurse Association (PNA)

Phobias

2008-03-01T01:58:00.000+08:00

A

Ablutophobia- Fear of washing or bathing.
Acarophobia- Fear of itching or of the insects that cause itching.
Acerophobia- Fear of sourness.
Achluophobia- Fear of darkness.
Acousticophobia- Fear of noise.
Acrophobia- Fear of heights.
Aerophobia- Fear of drafts, air swallowing, or airbourne noxious substances.
Aeroacrophobia- Fear of open high places.
Aeronausiphobia- Fear of vomiting secondary to airsickness.
Agateophobia- Fear of insanity.
Agliophobia- Fear of pain.
Agoraphobia- Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded, public places like markets. Fear of leaving a safe place.
Agraphobia- Fear of sexual abuse.
Agrizoophobia- Fear of wild animals.
Agyrophobia- Fear of streets or crossing the street.
Aichmophobia- Fear of needles or pointed objects.
Ailurophobia- Fear of cats.
Albuminurophobia- Fear of kidney disease.
Alektorophobia- Fear of chickens.
Algophobia- Fear of pain.
Alliumphobia- Fear of garlic.
Allodoxaphobia- Fear of opinions.
Altophobia- Fear of heights.
Amathophobia- Fear of dust.
Amaxophobia- Fear of riding in a car.
Ambulophobia- Fear of walking.
Amnesiphobia- Fear of amnesia.
Amychophobia- Fear of scratches or being scratched.
Anablephobia- Fear of looking up.
Ancraophobia- Fear of wind. (Anemophobia)
Androphobia- Fear of men.
Anemophobia- Fear of air drafts or wind.(Ancraophobia)
Anginophobia- Fear of angina, choking or narrowness.
Anglophobia- Fear of England or English culture, etc.
Angrophobia - Fear of anger or of becoming angry.
Ankylophobia- Fear of immobility of a joint.
Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- Fear of flowers.
Anthropophobia- Fear of people or society.
Antlophobia- Fear of floods.
Anuptaphobia- Fear of staying single.
Apeirophobia- Fear of infinity.
Aphenphosmphobia- Fear of being touched. (Haphephobia)
Apiphobia- Fear of bees.
Apotemnophobia- Fear of persons with amputations.
Arachibutyrophobia- Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth.
Arachnephobia or Arachnophobia- Fear of spiders.
Arithmophobia- Fear of numbers.
Arrhenphobia- Fear of men.
Arsonphobia- Fear of fire.
Asthenophobia- Fear of fainting or weakness.
Astraphobia or Astrapophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Ceraunophobia, Keraunophobia)
Astrophobia- Fear of stars or celestial space.
Asymmetriphobia- Fear of asymmetrical things.
Ataxiophobia- Fear of ataxia. (muscular incoordination)
Ataxophobia- Fear of disorder or untidiness.
Atelophobia- Fear of imperfection.
Atephobia- Fear of ruin or ruins.
Athazagoraphobia- Fear of being forgotton or ignored or forgetting.
Atomosophobia- Fear of atomic explosions.
Atychiphobia- Fear of failure.
Aulophobia- Fear of flutes.
Aurophobia- Fear of gold.
Auroraphobia- Fear of Northern lights.
Autodysomophobia- Fear of one that has a vile odor.
Automatonophobia- Fear of ventriloquist's dummies, animatronic creatures, wax statues - anything that falsly represents a sentient being.
Automysophobia- Fear of being dirty.
Autophobia- Fear of being alone or of oneself.
Aviophobia or Aviatophobia- Fear of flying.

B

Bacillophobia- Fear of microbes.
Bacteriophobia- Fear of bacteria.
Ballistophobia- Fear of missiles or bullets.
Bolshephobia- Fear of Bolsheviks.
Barophobia- Fear of gravity.
Basophobia or Basiphobia- Inability to stand. Fear of walking or falling.
Bathmophobia- Fear of stairs or steep slopes.
Bathophobia- Fear of depth.
Batophobia- Fear of heights or being close to high buildings.
Batrachophobia- Fear of amphibians, such as frogs, newts, salamanders, etc.
Belonephobia- Fear of pins and needles. (Aichmophobia)
Bibliophobia- Fear of books.
Blennophobia- Fear of slime.
Bogyphobia- Fear of bogeys or the bogeyman.
Botanophobia- Fear of plants.
Bromidrosiphobia or Bromidrophobia- Fear of body smells.
Brontophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.
Bufonophobia- Fear of toads.

C

Cacophobia- Fear of ugliness.
Cainophobia or Cainotophobia- Fear of newness, novelty.
Caligynephobia- Fear of beautiful women.
Cancerophobia or Carcinophobia- Fear of cancer.
Cardiophobia- Fear of the heart.
Carnophobia- Fear of meat.
Catagelophobia- Fear of being ridiculed.
Catapedaphobia- Fear of jumping from high and low places.
Cathisophobia- Fear of sitting.
Catoptrophobia- Fear of mirrors.
Cenophobia or Centophobia- Fear of new things or ideas.
Ceraunophobia or Keraunophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Astraphobia, Astrapophobia)
Chaetophobia- Fear of hair.
Cheimaphobia or Cheimatophobia- Fear of cold.(Frigophobia, Psychophobia)
Chemophobia- Fear of chemicals or working with chemicals.
Cherophobia- Fear of gaiety.
Chionophobia- Fear of snow.
Chiraptophobia- Fear of being touched.
Chirophobia- Fear of hands.
Cholerophobia- Fear of anger or the fear of cholera.
Chorophobia- Fear of dancing.
Chrometophobia or Chrematophobia- Fear of money.
Chromophobia or Chromatophobia- Fear of colors.
Chronophobia- Fear of time.
Chronomentrophobia- Fear of clocks.
Cibophobia- Fear of food.(Sitophobia, Sitiophobia)
Claustrophobia- Fear of confined spaces.
Cleithrophobia or Cleisiophobia- Fear of being locked in an enclosed place.
Cleptophobia- Fear of stealing.
Climacophobia- Fear of stairs, climbing, or of falling downstairs.
Clinophobia- Fear of going to bed.
Clithrophobia or Cleithrophobia- Fear of being enclosed.
Cnidophobia- Fear of stings.
Cometophobia- Fear of comets.
Coimetrophobia- Fear of cemeteries.
Coitophobia- Fear of coitus.
Contreltophobia- Fear of sexual abuse.
Coprastasophobia- Fear of constipation.
Coprophobia- Fear of feces.
Consecotaleophobia- Fear of chopsticks.
Coulrophobia- Fear of clowns.
Counterphobia- The preference by a phobic for fearful situations.
Cremnophobia- Fear of precipices.
Cryophobia- Fear of extreme cold, ice or frost.
Crystallophobia- Fear of crystals or glass.
Cyberphobia- Fear of computers or working on a computer.
Cyclophobia- Fear of bicycles.
Cymophobia or Kymophobia- Fear of waves or wave like motions.
Cynophobia- Fear of dogs or rabies.
Cypridophobia or Cypriphobia or Cyprianophobia or Cyprinophobia - Fear of prostitutes or venereal disease.

D

Decidophobia- Fear of making decisions.
Defecaloesiophobia- Fear of painful bowels movements.
Deipnophobia- Fear of dining or dinner conversations.
Dementophobia- Fear of insanity.
Demonophobia or Daemonophobia- Fear of demons.
Demophobia- Fear of crowds. (Agoraphobia)
Dendrophobia- Fear of trees.
Dentophobia- Fear of dentists.
Dermatophobia- Fear of skin lesions.
Dermatosiophobia or Dermatophobia or Dermatopathophobia- Fear of skin disease.
Dextrophobia- Fear of objects at the right side of the body.
Diabetophobia- Fear of diabetes.
Didaskaleinophobia- Fear of going to school.
Dikephobia- Fear of justice.
Dinophobia- Fear of dizziness or whirlpools.
Diplophobia- Fear of double vision.
Dipsophobia- Fear of drinking.
Dishabiliophobia- Fear of undressing in front of someone.
Domatophobia- Fear of houses or being in a house.(Eicophobia, Oikophobia)
Doraphobia- Fear of fur or skins of animals.
Doxophobia- Fear of expressing opinions or of receiving praise.
Dromophobia- Fear of crossing streets.
Dutchphobia- Fear of the Dutch.
Dysmorphophobia- Fear of deformity.
Dystychiphobia- Fear of accidents.

E

Ecclesiophobia- Fear of church.
Ecophobia- Fear of home.
Eicophobia- Fear of home surroundings.(Domatophobia, Oikophobia)
Eisoptrophobia- Fear of mirrors or of seeing oneself in a mirror.
Electrophobia- Fear of electricity.
Eleutherophobia- Fear of freedom.
Elurophobia- Fear of cats. (Ailurophobia)
Emetophobia- Fear of vomiting.
Enetophobia- Fear of pins.
Enochlophobia- Fear of crowds.
Enosiophobia or Enissophobia- Fear of having committed an unpardonable sin or of criticism.
Entomophobia- Fear of insects.
Eosophobia- Fear of dawn or daylight.
Ephebiphobia- Fear of teenagers.
Epistaxiophobia- Fear of nosebleeds.
Epistemophobia- Fear of knowledge.
Equinophobia- Fear of horses.
Eremophobia- Fear of being oneself or of lonliness.
Ereuthrophobia- Fear of blushing.
Ergasiophobia- 1) Fear of work or functioning. 2) Surgeon's fear of operating.
Ergophobia- Fear of work.
Erotophobia- Fear of sexual love or sexual questions.
Euphobia- Fear of hearing good news.
Eurotophobia- Fear of female genitalia.
Erythrophobia or Erytophobia or Ereuthophobia- 1) Fear of redlights. 2) Blushing. 3) Red.

F

Febriphobia or Fibriphobia or Fibriophobia- Fear of fever.
Felinophobia- Fear of cats. (Ailurophobia, Elurophobia, Galeophobia, Gatophobia)
Francophobia- Fear of France or French culture. (Gallophobia, Galiophobia)
Frigophobia- Fear of cold or cold things.(Cheimaphobia, Cheimatophobia, Psychrophobia)

G

Galeophobia or Gatophobia- Fear of cats.
Gallophobia or Galiophobia- Fear France or French culture. (Francophobia)
Gamophobia- Fear of marriage.
Geliophobia- Fear of laughter.
Geniophobia- Fear of chins.
Genophobia- Fear of sex.
Genuphobia- Fear of knees.
Gephyrophobia or Gephydrophobia or Gephysrophobia- Fear of crossing bridges.
Germanophobia- Fear of Germany or German culture.
Gerascophobia- Fear of growing old.
Gerontophobia- Fear of old people or of growing old.
Geumaphobia or Geumophobia- Fear of taste.
Glossophobia- Fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak.
Gnosiophobia- Fear of knowledge.
Graphophobia- Fear of writing or handwriting.
Gymnophobia- Fear of nudity.
Gynephobia or Gynophobia- Fear of women

H

Hadephobia- Fear of hell.
Hagiophobia- Fear of saints or holy things.
Hamartophobia- Fear of sinning.
Haphephobia or Haptephobia- Fear of being touched.
Harpaxophobia- Fear of being robbed.
Hedonophobia- Fear of feeling pleasure.
Heliophobia- Fear of the sun.
Hellenologophobia- Fear of Greek terms or complex scientific terminology.
Helminthophobia- Fear of being infested with worms.
Hemophobia or Hemaphobia or Hematophobia- Fear of blood.
Heresyphobia or Hereiophobia- Fear of challenges to official doctrine or of radical deviation.
Herpetophobia- Fear of reptiles or creepy, crawly things.
Heterophobia- Fear of the opposite sex. (Sexophobia)
Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia- Fear of the number 666.
Hierophobia- Fear of priests or sacred things.
Hippophobia- Fear of horses.
Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia- Fear of long words.
Hobophobia- Fear of bums or beggars.
Hodophobia- Fear of road travel.
Hormephobia- Fear of shock.
Homichlophobia- Fear of fog.
Homilophobia- Fear of sermons.
Hominophobia- Fear of men.
Homophobia- Fear of sameness, monotony or of homosexuality or of becoming homosexual.
Hoplophobia- Fear of firearms.
Hydrargyophobia- Fear of mercurial medicines.
Hydrophobia- Fear of water or of rabies.
Hydrophobophobia- Fear of rabies.
Hyelophobia or Hyalophobia- Fear of glass.
Hygrophobia- Fear of liquids, dampness, or moisture.
Hylephobia- Fear of materialism or the fear of epilepsy.
Hylophobia- Fear of forests.
Hypengyophobia or Hypegiaphobia- Fear of responsibility.
Hypnophobia- Fear of sleep or of being hypnotized.
Hypsiphobia- Fear of height.

I

Iatrophobia- Fear of going to the doctor or of doctors.
Ichthyophobia- Fear of fish.
Ideophobia- Fear of ideas.
Illyngophobia- Fear of vertigo or feeling dizzy when looking down.
Iophobia- Fear of poison.
Insectophobia - Fear of insects.
Isolophobia- Fear of solitude, being alone.
Isopterophobia- Fear of termites, insects that eat wood.
Ithyphallophobia- Fear of seeing, thinking about or having an erect penis.

J

Japanophobia- Fear of Japanese.
Judeophobia- Fear of Jews.

K

Kainolophobia or Kainophobia- Fear of anything new, novelty.
Kakorrhaphiophobia- Fear of failure or defeat.
Katagelophobia- Fear of ridicule.
Kathisophobia- Fear of sitting down.
Kenophobia- Fear of voids or empty spaces.
Keraunophobia or Ceraunophobia- Fear of thunder and lightning.(Astraphobia, Astrapophobia)
Kinetophobia or Kinesophobia- Fear of movement or motion.
Kleptophobia- Fear of stealing.
Koinoniphobia- Fear of rooms.
Kolpophobia- Fear of genitals, particularly female.
Kopophobia- Fear of fatigue.
Koniophobia- Fear of dust. (Amathophobia)
Kosmikophobia- Fear of cosmic phenomenon.
Kymophobia- Fear of waves. (Cymophobia)
Kynophobia- Fear of rabies.
Kyphophobia- Fear of stooping.

L

Lachanophobia- Fear of vegetables.
Laliophobia or Lalophobia- Fear of speaking.
Leprophobia or Lepraphobia- Fear of leprosy.
Leukophobia- Fear of the color white.
Levophobia- Fear of things to the left side of the body.
Ligyrophobia- Fear of loud noises.
Lilapsophobia- Fear of tornadoes and hurricanes.
Limnophobia- Fear of lakes.
Linonophobia- Fear of string.
Liticaphobia- Fear of lawsuits.
Lockiophobia- Fear of childbirth.
Logizomechanophobia- Fear of computers.
Logophobia- Fear of words.
Luiphobia- Fear of lues, syphillis.
Lutraphobia- Fear of otters.
Lygophobia- Fear of darkness.
Lyssophobia- Fear of rabies or of becoming mad.

M

Macrophobia- Fear of long waits.
Mageirocophobia- Fear of cooking.
Maieusiophobia- Fear of childbirth.
Malaxophobia- Fear of love play. (Sarmassophobia)
Maniaphobia- Fear of insanity.
Mastigophobia- Fear of punishment.
Mechanophobia- Fear of machines.
Medomalacuphobia- Fear of losing an erection.
Medorthophobia- Fear of an erect penis.
Megalophobia- Fear of large things.
Melissophobia- Fear of bees.
Melanophobia- Fear of the color black.
Melophobia- Fear or hatred of music.
Meningitophobia- Fear of brain disease.
Menophobia- Fear of menstruation.
Merinthophobia- Fear of being bound or tied up.
Metallophobia- Fear of metal.
Metathesiophobia- Fear of changes.
Meteorophobia- Fear of meteors.
Methyphobia- Fear of alcohol.
Metrophobia- Fear or hatred of poetry.
Microbiophobia- Fear of microbes. (Bacillophobia)
Microphobia- Fear of small things.
Misophobia or Mysophobia- Fear of being contaminated with dirt or germs.
Mnemophobia- Fear of memories.
Molysmophobia or Molysomophobia- Fear of dirt or contamination.
Monophobia- Fear of solitude or being alone.
Monopathophobia- Fear of definite disease.
Motorphobia- Fear of automobiles.
Mottephobia- Fear of moths.
Musophobia or Muriphobia- Fear of mice.
Mycophobia- Fear or aversion to mushrooms.
Mycrophobia- Fear of small things.
Myctophobia- Fear of darkness.
Myrmecophobia- Fear of ants.
Mythophobia- Fear of myths or stories or false statements.
Myxophobia- Fear of slime. (Blennophobia)

N

Nebulaphobia- Fear of fog. (Homichlophobia)
Necrophobia- Fear of death or dead things.
Nelophobia- Fear of glass.
Neopharmaphobia- Fear of new drugs.
Neophobia- Fear of anything new.
Nephophobia- Fear of clouds.
Noctiphobia- Fear of the night.
Nomatophobia- Fear of names.
Nosocomephobia- Fear of hospitals.
Nosophobia or Nosemaphobia- Fear of becoming ill.
Nostophobia- Fear of returning home.
Novercaphobia- Fear of your step-mother.
Nucleomituphobia- Fear of nuclear weapons.
Nudophobia- Fear of nudity.
Numerophobia- Fear of numbers.
Nyctohylophobia- Fear of dark wooded areas or of forests at night
Nyctophobia- Fear of the dark or of night.

O

Obesophobia- Fear of gaining weight.(Pocrescophobia)
Ochlophobia- Fear of crowds or mobs.
Ochophobia- Fear of vehicles.
Octophobia - Fear of the figure 8.
Odontophobia- Fear of teeth or dental surgery.
Odynophobia or Odynephobia- Fear of pain. (Algophobia)
Oenophobia- Fear of wines.
Oikophobia- Fear of home surroundings, house.(Domatophobia, Eicophobia)
Olfactophobia- Fear of smells.
Ombrophobia- Fear of rain or of being rained on.
Ommetaphobia or Ommatophobia- Fear of eyes.
Oneirophobia- Fear of dreams.
Oneirogmophobia- Fear of wet dreams.
Onomatophobia- Fear of hearing a certain word or of names.
Ophidiophobia- Fear of snakes. (Snakephobia)
Ophthalmophobia- Fear of being stared at.
Opiophobia- Fear medical doctors experience of prescribing needed pain medications for patients.
Optophobia- Fear of opening one's eyes.
Ornithophobia- Fear of birds.
Orthophobia- Fear of property.
Osmophobia or Osphresiophobia- Fear of smells or odors.
Ostraconophobia- Fear of shellfish.
Ouranophobia or Uranophobia- Fear of heaven.

P

Pagophobia- Fear of ice or frost.
Panthophobia- Fear of suffering and disease.
Panophobia or Pantophobia- Fear of everything.
Papaphobia- Fear of the Pope.
Papyrophobia- Fear of paper.
Paralipophobia- Fear of neglecting duty or responsibility.
Paraphobia- Fear of sexual perversion.
Parasitophobia- Fear of parasites.
Paraskavedekatriaphobia- Fear of Friday the 13th.
Parthenophobia- Fear of virgins or young girls.
Pathophobia- Fear of disease.
Patroiophobia- Fear of heredity.
Parturiphobia- Fear of childbirth.
Peccatophobia- Fear of sinning or imaginary crimes.
Pediculophobia- Fear of lice.
Pediophobia- Fear of dolls.
Pedophobia- Fear of children.
Peladophobia- Fear of bald people.
Pellagrophobia- Fear of pellagra.
Peniaphobia- Fear of poverty.
Pentheraphobia- Fear of mother-in-law. (Novercaphobia)
Phagophobia- Fear of swallowing or of eating or of being eaten.
Phalacrophobia- Fear of becoming bald.
Phallophobia- Fear of a penis, esp erect.
Pharmacophobia- Fear of taking medicine.
Phasmophobia- Fear of ghosts.
Phengophobia- Fear of daylight or sunshine.
Philemaphobia or Philematophobia- Fear of kissing.
Philophobia- Fear of falling in love or being in love.
Philosophobia- Fear of philosophy.
Phobophobia- Fear of phobias.
Photoaugliaphobia- Fear of glaring lights.
Photophobia- Fear of light.
Phonophobia- Fear of noises or voices or one's own voice; of telephones.
Phronemophobia- Fear of thinking.
Phthiriophobia- Fear of lice. (Pediculophobia)
Phthisiophobia- Fear of tuberculosis.
Placophobia- Fear of tombstones.
Plutophobia- Fear of wealth.
Pluviophobia- Fear of rain or of being rained on.
Pneumatiphobia- Fear of spirits.
Pnigophobia or Pnigerophobia- Fear of choking of being smothered.
Pocrescophobia- Fear of gaining weight. (Obesophobia)
Pogonophobia- Fear of beards.
Poliosophobia- Fear of contracting poliomyelitis.
Politicophobia- Fear or abnormal dislike of politicians.
Polyphobia- Fear of many things.
Poinephobia- Fear of punishment.
Ponophobia- Fear of overworking or of pain.
Porphyrophobia- Fear of the color purple.
Potamophobia- Fear of rivers or running water.
Potophobia- Fear of alcohol.
Pharmacophobia- Fear of drugs.
Proctophobia- Fear of rectums.
Prosophobia- Fear of progress.
Psellismophobia- Fear of stuttering.
Psychophobia- Fear of mind.
Psychrophobia- Fear of cold.
Pteromerhanophobia- Fear of flying.
Pteronophobia- Fear of being tickled by feathers.
Pupaphobia - Fear of puppets.
Pyrexiophobia- Fear of Fever.
Pyrophobia- Fear of fire.

R

Radiophobia- Fear of radiation, x-rays.
Ranidaphobia- Fear of frogs.
Rectophobia- Fear of rectum or rectal diseases.
Rhabdophobia- Fear of being severely punished or beaten by a rod, or of being severely criticized. Also fear of magic.(wand)
Rhypophobia- Fear of defecation.
Rhytiphobia- Fear of getting wrinkles.
Rupophobia- Fear of dirt.
Russophobia- Fear of Russians.

S
Samhainophobia: Fear of Halloween.
Sarmassophobia- Fear of love play. (Malaxophobia)
Satanophobia- Fear of Satan.
Scabiophobia- Fear of scabies.
Scatophobia- Fear of fecal matter.
Scelerophibia- Fear of bad men, burglars.
Sciophobia Sciaphobia- Fear of shadows.
Scoleciphobia- Fear of worms.
Scolionophobia- Fear of school.
Scopophobia or Scoptophobia- Fear of being seen or stared at.
Scotomaphobia- Fear of blindness in visual field.
Scotophobia- Fear of darkness. (Achluophobia)
Scriptophobia- Fear of writing in public.
Selachophobia- Fear of sharks.
Selaphobia- Fear of light flashes.
Selenophobia- Fear of the moon.
Seplophobia- Fear of decaying matter.
Sesquipedalophobia- Fear of long words.
Sexophobia- Fear of the opposite sex. (Heterophobia)
Siderodromophobia- Fear of trains, railroads or train travel.
Siderophobia- Fear of stars.
Sinistrophobia- Fear of things to the left or left-handed.
Sinophobia- Fear of Chinese, Chinese culture.
Sitophobia or Sitiophobia- Fear of food or eating. (Cibophobia)
Snakephobia- Fear of snakes. (Ophidiophobia)
Soceraphobia- Fear of parents-in-law.
Social Phobia- Fear of being evaluated negatively in social situations.
Sociophobia- Fear of society or people in general.
Somniphobia- Fear of sleep.
Sophophobia- Fear of learning.
Soteriophobia - Fear of dependence on others.
Spacephobia- Fear of outer space.
Spectrophobia- Fear of specters or ghosts.
Spermatophobia or Spermophobia- Fear of germs.
Spheksophobia- Fear of wasps.
Stasibasiphobia or Stasiphobia- Fear of standing or walking. (Ambulophobia)
Staurophobia- Fear of crosses or the crucifix.
Stenophobia- Fear of narrow things or places.
Stygiophobia or Stigiophobia- Fear of hell.
Suriphobia- Fear of mice.
Symbolophobia- Fear of symbolism.
Symmetrophobia- Fear of symmetry.
Syngenesophobia- Fear of relatives.
Syphilophobia- Fear of syphilis.

T

Tachophobia- Fear of speed.
Taeniophobia or Teniophobia- Fear of tapeworms.
Taphephobia Taphophobia- Fear of being buried alive or of cemeteries.
Tapinophobia- Fear of being contagious.
Taurophobia- Fear of bulls.
Technophobia- Fear of technology.
Teleophobia- 1) Fear of definite plans. 2) Religious ceremony.
Telephonophobia- Fear of telephones.
Teratophobia- Fear of bearing a deformed child or fear of monsters or deformed people.
Testophobia- Fear of taking tests.
Tetanophobia- Fear of lockjaw, tetanus.
Teutophobia- Fear of German or German things.
Textophobia- Fear of certain fabrics.
Thaasophobia- Fear of sitting.
Thalassophobia- Fear of the sea.
Thanatophobia or Thantophobia- Fear of death or dying.
Theatrophobia- Fear of theatres.
Theologicophobia- Fear of theology.
Theophobia- Fear of gods or religion.
Thermophobia- Fear of heat.
Tocophobia- Fear of pregnancy or childbirth.
Tomophobia- Fear of surgical operations.
Tonitrophobia- Fear of thunder.
Topophobia- Fear of certain places or situations, such as stage fright.
Toxiphobia or Toxophobia or Toxicophobia- Fear of poison or of being accidently poisoned.
Traumatophobia- Fear of injury.
Tremophobia- Fear of trembling.
Trichinophobia- Fear of trichinosis.
Trichopathophobia or Trichophobia- Fear of hair. (Chaetophobia, Hypertrichophobia)
Triskaidekaphobia- Fear of the number 13.
Tropophobia- Fear of moving or making changes.
Trypanophobia- Fear of injections.
Tuberculophobia- Fear of tuberculosis.
Tyrannophobia- Fear of tyrants.

U

Uranophobia or Ouranophobia- Fear of heaven.
Urophobia- Fear of urine or urinating.

V

Vaccinophobia- Fear of vaccination.
Venustraphobia- Fear of beautiful women.
Verbophobia- Fear of words.
Verminophobia- Fear of germs.
Vestiphobia- Fear of clothing.
Virginitiphobia- Fear of rape.
Vitricophobia- Fear of step-father.

W

Walloonphobia- Fear of the Walloons.
Wiccaphobia: Fear of witches and witchcraft.

X

Xanthophobia- Fear of the color yellow or the word yellow.
Xenoglossophobia- Fear of foreign languages.
Xenophobia- Fear of strangers or foreigners.
Xerophobia- Fear of dryness.
Xylophobia- 1) Fear of wooden objects. 2) Forests.
Xyrophobia-Fear of razors.

Z

Zelophobia- Fear of jealousy.
Zeusophobia- Fear of God or gods.
Zemmiphobia- Fear of the great mole rat.
Zoophobia- Fear of animals.

Source:

Beat The Smoking Habit – Step 1

2008-02-26T14:20:00.001+08:00

Step 1 of 4

Know Some Facts

What’s in a cigarette anyway?

There are over 4000 compounds in cigarette smoke that can cause cancer and other diseases. Below are a few of them:

Carbon Monoxide (also found in Vehicle exhaust fumes)

Napthalene (also found in Mothballs)

Arsenic (also found in Ant poison)

Cadmium (also found in Car batteries)

Phenol (also found in Vehicle Toilet cleaner)

DDT (also found in Insecticides)

Ammonia (also found in Fertilizer)

Cigarettes also contain nicotine. But contrary to popular belief, studies have shown that nicotine does not cause cancer. It is however, what makes cigarettes so addictive. Your body looks for it whenever you attempt to quit smoking.

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Beat The Smoking Habit – Step 2

2008-02-26T14:19:00.001+08:00

Step 2 of 4

Know the Health Benefits of Stopping Smoking..

20 minutes: Blood pressure and pulse return to normal.

8hours: Carbon monoxide levels in the blood are halved, oxygens levels in the blood return to normal.

24 hours: Carbon monoxide is eliminated from the body

And the lungs start to clear out the build up of tar.

48 hours: taste and smell are greatly improved.

72 hours: Breathing becomes easier, bronchial tubes begin to relax, energy levels increase.

2-12 weeks: Circulation improves, making walking and running a lot easier.

3-9 months: Coughs, wheezing and breathing problems improve as the lungs have room for up to 10& more oxygen.

5 years: Risk of heart attack is halved.

10 years: Risk of lung cancer is halved.

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Beat The Smoking Habit – Step 3

2008-02-26T14:18:00.001+08:00

Step 3 of 4

Be ready with the challenge!!

Kicking the habit is hard work. Once you stop smoking, you body begins to miss and crave the nicotine that is used to get whenever you puffed on a cigarette. These cravings are strong, so it’s very difficult to just suddenly stop. When you do, you may feel tense, or even depressed.

There are also behavioral aspects to consider. Simple actions like holding a cigarette, flicking away the ash and blowing out smoke have already become a habit. Cigarettes have even become a part of your daily rituals, especially after mealtimes, during coffee breaks or while out with your friends. So, recharge! Be better ready with the challenge!

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Beat The Smoking Habit – Step 4

2008-02-26T14:17:00.001+08:00

Step 4 of 4

Get off to a good start

These four steps will help you strengthen your determination:

Set a date. Decide exactly when you are quitting.

Tell family and friends. You’ll need their support.

Anticipate challenges. Prepare to overcome them.

Remove cigarette-related items from your home.

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Oxygen Delivery Devices

2008-02-26T13:42:00.001+08:00

Although I learned about the indications, purposes, advantages/disadvantages, precautions, etc. of these devices when i was still studying, some books did not have enough illustrations of these ones. I searched on the net to give you an idea how they look like. So here they are! :)

Nasal Cannula

Simple Mask

Venturi Mask

Nonrebreathing Mask

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Nursing Theorists

2008-02-26T13:41:00.001+08:00

Florence Nightingale
Environmental Theory

Virginia Henderson
Definition of Nursing

Martha E. Rogers
Unitary Human Beings as an Energy Field

Sister Callista Roy
Adaptation Model

Dorothea E. Orem
Self-care Deficit Theory

Imogene King
Goal Attainment Theory

Betty Neuman
Health Care Systems Model

Dorothea E. Johnson
Behavioral System Model

Hidegard Peplau
Psychodynamic Nursing Theory

Madeleine Leininger
Transcultural Care Theory

Jean Watson
Philosophy and Science of Caring

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The Power of Positive Thinking Tip #1

2008-02-26T13:36:00.001+08:00

Do you want to have a great year? Start by believing that you are going to have one! Here is a tip to help you think positively.

Tip #1 of 4

CHOOSE HAPPINESS

From the moment you get up in the morning, choose happiness by dwelling on the blessings in your life such as having a bed, a roof over your head, and breakfast waiting for you. Also, stay away from negative habits.

1. Stop comparing yourself with others. There will always be people who will be better off than you, so stop griping abut this and instead, celebrate what you do have.

2. Avoid being obsessed with ideals of perfection. All of us have an image in our heads of what a perfect life is, but in reality, our families, careers, friends will never live up to this ideal. We will only be disappointed.

3. Don’t focus on the flaws. This is when we fix our attention on the mistakes and imperfections. However small it may be, why not celebrate the beauty in everything?

Instead, imbibe the following traits:

· Be grateful – count your blessings in the morning, and before going to bed. Grateful people are never unhappy.

· Know that happiness stems from activities that give meaning to our lives – the more worthwhile passions we have, the happier we feel.

· Believe in a higher power – when you believe that everything has a purpose, then things will gain meaning and direction.

Excerpt from

Mabuhay (January 2006)

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The Power of Positive Thinking Tip #2

2008-02-26T13:21:00.003+08:00

Do you want to have a great year? Start by believing that you are going to have one! Here is a tip to help you think positively.

Tip #2 of 4

EXPECT THE BEST AND PREPARE FOR THE BEST

1. First you have to believe that you can do it. It is only when you believe that things start to become possible.

2. Visualize the positive outcome in your head – for example, you are going to speak in public. Think of yourself delivering a rousing speech, and imagine the applause of the audience.

3. Do the necessary work – the vision of success is the best motivation for you to do the preparation. For public speaking, research well, make small note cards, practice in front of your family, and take their opinions constructively. When you expect the best, it follows that you will do all the means necessary to see it through.

4. Always remember that “attitude is more important than facts” – the odds may be stacked against you, but level this off by something within your power – a winning attitude. Champion cyclist Lance Armstrong was diagnosed with advanced testicular cancer and was told by his doctors that he could be cursed and ride his bike competitively again. So he chose a more aggressive form of chemotherapy to save his lungs and legs. A year later, he was pronounced healthy and later on he went on to win the grueling Tour de France seven times in a row. Finally he turned his adversity into inspiration by coming up with a yellow Live Strong bands that helped raise money for cancer awareness.

Excerpt from

Mabuhay (January 2006)

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The Power of Positive Thinking Tip #3

2008-02-26T13:21:00.001+08:00

Do you want to have a great year? Start by believing that you are going to have one! Here is a tip to help you think positively.

Tip #3 of 4

HOW TO GET PEOPLE TO LIKE YOU

This basically works on the principle of the Golden Rule – “Do unto others what you want others to do unto you”. Essentially getting people to like you happens by simply liking them in the first place. Norman Vincent Peale lists these tips on how to get people to like you.

· Remember people’s names and use it often when talking to them – this shows that they’re significant to you.

· Never miss an opportunity to say a word of congratulation or sympathy.

· Focus on the positive things abut people – remember what Will Rogers said, “I never met a man I didn’t like”.

Excerpt from

Mabuhay (January 2006)

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The Power of Positive Thinking Tip #4

2008-02-26T12:19:00.001+08:00

Do you want to have a great year? Start by believing that you are going to have one! Here is a tip to help you think positively.

Tip #4 of 4

GET HEALTHY

We know that negative emotions cause a lot of strain on the body – when we are angry or irritated, our blood pressure rises. Some doctors believe that emotional disturbances can even cause colds. With this correlation of emotional well-being and health, imagine the toll on our physical state when we are always tormented by negative emotions.

1. Remember that anger is an emotion and an emotion is always warm. Therefore to reduce an emotion, cool it. Keep your hands from clenching. Deliberately reduce the tone of your voice. Slump in a chair or even lie down. It’s difficult to argue in a whisper or to get mad while lying down.

2. When hurt feeling arises, go to someone you trust and pour it out to him or her until not a vestige remains within you then forget it. Pray for the person who hurt your feelings.

Lastly, remember the word of the Desidereta.

Excerpt from

Mabuhay (January 2006)

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Doctor to the Barrios - A Reflection

2007-11-17T00:28:00.001+08:00

DOCTOR TO THE BARRIOS
Written by: Juan M. Flavier, M.D.

The Following is a part of my reflection paper back in college:

Far Eastern University

Institute of Nursing

“Doctor to the Barrios”

-A Reflection-

Bogasan, Christine Vanessa P.
BSN 613 Block 1
Primary Health Care 2
Mrs. Rachel D. Laxamana

GETTING TO KNOW THE BARRIO FARMER

While we aim to create a new society, we must not forget we are doing it with an old society.

- James Yen

I think, to gain insight into the life of the indigenous people in the community, and be able to completely understand and help them, one must first learn to live the way they do. Not just merely knowing what are the kinds of food they prefer but learning to eat with them; or not simply be familiar with their beliefs, but become skilled with their practices; and not only to be acquainted with their misconceptions, but to study and affirm that these really are fallacies and detrimental, making the first step to bring all of these to a halt. It is necessary that we make an immense effort to understand their ways. The way the workers should change the lifestyle of the Filipino farmers taking into consideration their values, preconception and adverse practice will be an impressive and effective means of advancing a supportive way of life.

THE WORKERS: SCIENCE MISSIONARIES

Take your knowledge from the classroom and the laboratory out to the fields and homes where the people live.

- Seaman Knapp

While reading the selection, I was imagining myself as one of those Rural Reconstruction Workers who are dedicating their lives refining these native people to help them dispose of their unconstructive idea and recognize other constructive means of having a better life. It is amazing that these people are willing to render community service in these far-flung and difficult areas of the country. I come up with preconceived ideas about the intrinsic worth of the RRW, how they facilitate to the needs of the farmers and other people in the community. They share something worthy to the community by applying what they’ve learned in the city, and they consider the appreciation and the gratitude that the barrio people give is enough to pay their effort. The government should give adequate financial incentives for the general practitioners to ensure continuous provision of quality health care service.

INCREASING PLANT PRODUCTION

Come, ye thankful people come,

Raise the song of harvest home;

All is safely gathered in

Ere the winter storm begins.

All the blessings of the field,

All the stores the gardens yield,

All the fruits in full supply

Ripened ‘neath the summer sky.

-Henry Alford

Every people shall have the passion of using and cultivating his land to get the numerous benefits from it. Population in our country is rapidly increasing. This means that more people will need more food. Plant production will help provide for this need. Plants are important to man for many reasons. They provide food, shelter, medicine, clothing and many products useful to daily life. The RRW’s are doing a very important job teaching the farmers the primary and efficient way of increasing plant production. The farmers shall undertake practical application of concepts of raising vegetable crops primarily in their backyard. We will realize that plant production does not only supply fresh vegetable for family members, but it also provides a wholesome recreational activity and self-fulfillment for a profitable undertaking. They can also apply the techniques of harvesting and marketing farm products. Marketing plays an important role in the profitability of farm products. Profits can be realized through marketing schemes.

GROWING ANIMALS FOR FOOD AND PROFIT

If you give a man a fish, you feed him for one day. If you teach him to fish, you feed him for many days.

-Kuan-Tzu

Enlightening the Filipino farmers about the importance of growing animals is one mean of replenishing his needs for food, nutrition and profit. It is because animal production does not only supply the family with protein food, but it adds greatly to family income. Basic information on the raising of animals will enable putting up a backyard project on animal production, considering other factors such as describing the prospects of poultry and livestock raising, and the ideal site for poultry and livestock projects. We should continue assisting the families until raising animals for food become common among Filipino community especially in the rural areas. Animal production wastes are sometimes detrimental to the health of the family members so it is very necessary to regard the maintenance and the cleanliness and sanitation of housing facilities, fixtures and equipment. Animal production also gives a sense of fulfillment for being productive. It may include the raising of poultry, swine, cattle, goats, sheep and rabbits for family consumption or for commercial purposes. Poultry production is a good business enterprise through which a family can earn a good income. The attitude of the neighbors towards the animal production enterprise must be favorable.

COOPERATIVES: A STEP TOWARD INDEPENDENCE

The best charity is to prevent a man from having to accept charity; the best alms are those that enable a man to dispense with alms.

- The Talmud

It is in the rural areas where low-income population is found. A barrio credit union is a very valuable tool and makes an important contribution to the common welfare. The barrio farmer will have to increase his effort managing livelihood programs to increase production, and consequently income so he will be able deposit into the union. It will also help the farmer to be more productive and cautious because it is their own profit that is in the union. It encourages the habit of saving and using the funds wisely. Productive projects like these strengthen the credit union, which can afford to lend money for small-scale purposes only.

RURAL HOME INDUSTRIES

Be not afraid to do manual labor in your homes. Productive toil is conducive to economic security and adds to the wealth of the nation.

- Jose P. Laurel

Rural industries are important source of employment and development in the rural areas and could provide a source of profits to rural populace. The government should continue to encourage families to start establish home industries especially in the depressed areas for self-employment opportunities. The people will learn to allocate their resources efficiently which can be used for additional output that is productive. Rural home industries provide the family with a wholesome recreational activity which contributes to good health and keeps family members together.

BETTER HEALTH FOR THE BARRIOS

The sick have claims upon us, the well; the suffering on those without pain.

- Dr. Tom A. Dooley

Good health is the most important factor that should be considered when one has to improve the standard of living of every Filipino family. The government should be fully aware of the problem and commence to explore the reasons behind the slow response of farmers to health practices and modern environmental education. I suggest that to encourage quality health care at all levels of the health system the government should give awards to outstanding facilities and maintenance in every health centers in the barrio. We should be one with the government in its goal to make healthcare more accessible to the Filipino people. We feel privileged to be given the opportunity to partner with the government in this endeavor and be a part of the solution to the problems of healthcare in the country.

SANITARY WASTE DISPOSAL

Countries cannot release the full talents of their people unless they have healthy bodies.

- Dr. M. G. Candau

There is the existence of the endemic diseases in the barrio in relation to their total population. This is due to lack of environmental sanitation and proper health practices to the doctorless and remote areas in the barrio. The PRRM should not only give focus to the “toilet” thing but also be aware of the other health-concerned matter like the provision of other basic human amenities and meeting the need for new and improved rural water and waste disposal facilities.

The expansion of a rural waste disposal facility that I am talking about includes the collection, and treatment of sanitary, storm, and solid wastes. The “reduce, re-use, recycle system”. It will not only lessen the waste outputs but will also contribute to the beautification, alleviation of health hazards and promotion of the orderly growth of the rural areas of the nation.

FAMILY PLANNING IN THE BARRIOS

The growth rate of the Philippine population-one of the highest in the world-is adversely affecting economic growth.

-President Ferdinand E. Marcos

Larger family size means immense needs for family resources, such as large income for food, education for the children, house facilities and health maintenance factor. It can affect numerous aspects of women’s lives, including their health, their work inside and outside their homes, their roles within the family and their psychological well-being. Bigger family increases women’s workload since more children means additional household chores, such as cooking or washing clothes. I think family planning is the best answer to settle this problem. Many rural women are unaware of existing services, and those who are aware of them often find that doctors or hospitals are simply too far away. However, the need for quality reproductive health services is great. Urban and rural women's groups should work collaboratively to develop advocacy and education programs for women, including programs that provide counseling, information, education, and training on reproductive health, gender and sexuality.

EDUCATION OF THE MASSES

Hundreds of millions of men and women are tragic outsiders, held back from the mainstream of civilization by their inability to read, write and add.

- Richard Grenough

The government should place health and education among the "key interventions" and basic social services necessary to reduce poverty among Filipinos..If only the government can provide effective and affordable education to all the people in the rural areas not only to the farmers but also to the children of which who cannot attend school regularly because of poor finances, or perhaps because they have to help their families make a living.

And also I suggest that the PRRM and the government will establish programs that give training to parents, teachers, community volunteers on the care and educational development of children with disabilities, particularly those living in depressed areas.

I believe that this is one way to protect and eventually empower the most vulnerable and disadvantaged sectors of society.

SELF-GOVERNMENT AT THE RICE ROOTS

We are running a race with time. This race cannot be won by governmental action alone. It can be won only with active participation of citizens who can read the signs of our times.

-U Thant

TOTAL MOBILIZATION OF BARRIO MANPOWER FOR BARRIO UPLIFT is the ultimate goal of the program of self-government. Nevertheless, there seems to have been a very little chance to carry it out because most people believe that some of the officials are not doing their job well and know that a great majority of the commitments made are forgotten. This situation does not look after the call for good and conducive government anymore. In order to change the belief of the people, the barrio should produce a potential and effective leader again that will promote orderliness and establish a helpful and progressive community. That will be the only time that they can create an intelligent and effective followership.

MODEL FARM FAMILY PROJECT

As eternal as men and a bedrock of human society, the family serves as the seat of human affections, a refuge from all forms of social and economic insecurity, a mainspring of strength, a sanctuary of al of that beautiful and good, all that is human and humane.

-Belen Enrile Gutierrez

This project of the PRRM will really encourage every rural family to endeavor to improve their status concerning livelihood, health, education and self-government. A continuing program for the "comprehensive and integrated" delivery of social services seeks to help target families and communities in addressing their needs. This will make them systematic and goal-oriented. It may also evolve into some form of recreational activity for the family. Self-government have taken several important steps to accelerate economic and social development and have encouraged community participation in development programmes.

SOME FINAL WORDS

Nothing ever built arose to touch the skies,

Unless some man dreamed that, it should,

Some man believed that it could, and

Some man willed that it must.

- Eugene W. Kettering

This piece of account aroused my inquisitiveness about the thrilling way of life in different barrios. I think the problem in the barrios like these ones should be given focus by the government right from the start to improve the lifestyle and health condition of the people in the indigenous communities. Undeniably, the contributions of these people had greatly helped the growth of the economy. For, the country traditionally depends on agriculture. And one of the thrusts of the current administration is to strengthen agricultural production to attain food security. And the farmers are the first responsible in this sector. This will positively affect the health and nutrition of the Filipinos.

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Pathognomonic Signs

2007-11-14T14:51:00.001+08:00

Disease	Sign
Addison's disease	Bronze-like skin
Angina pectoris	Levine's sign (hand clutching of chest)
Bulimia Nervosa	Chipmunk facies (parotid gland swelling)
Cholecystitis	Murphy's sign (pain on deep inspiration when inflamed gallbladder is palpated)
Cholera	Rice-watery stool
Chronic hemorrhagic pancreatitis	Grey-Turner's sign (ecchymosis in flank area)
Cushing syndrome	Moon face
Diphtheria	Pseudomembrane on tonsils, pharynx and nasal cavity
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy	Gowers' sign
Emphysema	Barrel chest
Hyperthyroidism	Exophthalmos
Hypocalcemia	Trousseau sign and Chvostek sign
Kawasaki Disease	Strawberry tongue
Liver cirrhosis	Spider angioma
Leprosy	Leonine facies (thickened lion-like facial skin)
Measles	Koplik's spots
Meningitis	Kernig's sign and Brudzinski's sign
Pancreatitis	Cullen's sign (bluish discoloration of umbilicus)
Parkinson’s disease	Pill-rolling tremors
Patent ductus arteriosus	Machine-like murmur
Pernicious anemia	Red beefy tongue
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	Butterfly rash
Tetanus	Risus sardonicus
Typhoid fever	Rose spots in abdomen

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Expanded Program on Immunization (Philippines)

2007-11-14T14:50:00.001+08:00

Introduction

The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in the Philippines began in 1986 in response to the Universal Child Immunization goal. The four major strategies include:

Sustaining high routine Full Immunized Child (FIC) coverage of at least 90% in all provinces and cities,
Sustaining the polio-free country for global certification
Eliminating measles by 2008,
Eliminating neonatal tetanus by 2008.

Routine Schedule of Immunization

Every Wednesday is designated as immunization day and is adopted in all parts of the country. Immunization is done monthly in barangay health stations, quarterly in remote areas of the country.

Routine Immunization Schedule for Infants

The standard routine immunization schedule for infants in the Philippines is adopted to provide maximum immunity against the seven vaccine preventable diseases in the country before the child's first birthday. The fully immunized child must have completed BCG, DPT 1, DPT 2, DPT 3, OPV 1, OPV 2, OPV 3 and measles vaccines before the child is 12 months of age.

Vaccine /

Reason for Administration

Minimum Age
at 1st Dose

Number
of Doses /

Amount of Dose

Minimum Interval Between Doses /

Route/Site

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin

-BCG given at earliest possible age protects the possibility of TB meningitis and other TB infections in which infants are prone.

Birth or anytime after birth

1 dose

-0.05 mL

Intradermal

-Right deltoid region of the arm

Diptheria-Pertussis-Tetanus Vaccine

-An early start with DPT reduces the chance of severe pertussis.

6 weeks

3 doses

-0.5 mL

4 weeks interval

Intramuscular

- Upper outer portion of the thigh

Oral Polio Vaccine

-The extent of protection against polio is increased the earlier the OPV is given.

Keeps the Philippines polio-free^[

6 weeks

3 doses

-2 drops

4 weeks interval

Oral

-Mouth

Hepatitis B Vaccine

-An early start of Hepatitis B vaccine reduces the chance of being infected and becoming a carrier^[

Prevents liver cirrhosis and liver cancer which are more likely to develop if infected with
Hepatitis B early in life.

About 9,000 die of complications of Hepatits B. 10% of Filipinos have Hepatitis B infection.

At birth

3 doses

-0.5 mL

6 weeks interval from
1st dose to 2nd dose,
8 weeks interval from
2nd dose to third dose.

Intramuscular

-Upper outer portion of the thigh

Measles Vaccine

(not MMR)

-At least 85% of measles can be prevented by immunization at this age.

9 months

1 dose

-0.5 mL

Subcutaneous

-Upper outer portion of the thigh

General Principles in Infants/Children Immunization

Because measles kills, every infant needs to be vaccinated against measles at the age of 9 months or as soon as possible after 9 months as part of the routine infant vaccination schedule. It is safe to vaccinate a sick child who is suffering from a minor illness (cough, cold, diarrhea, fever or malnutrition) or who has already been vaccinated against measles.
If the vaccination schedule is interrupted, it is not necessary to restart. Instead, the schedule should be resumed using minimal intervals between doses to catch up as quickly as possible..
Vaccine combinations (few exceptions), antibiotics, low-dose steroids (less than 20mg per day), minor infections with low fever (below 38.5º Celsius), diarrhea, malnutrition, kidney or liver disease, heart or lung disease, non-progressive encephalopathy, well controlled epilepsy or advanced age, are not contraindications to vaccination. Contrary to what the majority of doctors may think, vaccines against hepatitis B and tetanus can be applied in any period of the pregnancy^].
There are very few true contraindication and precaution conditions. Only two of these conditions are generally considered to be permanent: severe (anaphylactic) allergic reaction to a vaccine component or following a prior dose of a vaccine, and encephalopathy not due to another identifiable cause occurring within 7 days of pertussis vaccination.
Only the diluent supplied by the manufacturer should be used to reconstitute a freeze-dried vaccine. A sterile needle and sterile syringe must be used for each vial for adding the diluent to the powder in a single vial or ampoule of freeze-dried vaccine.
The only way to be completely safe from exposure to blood-borne diseases from injections, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is to use one sterile needle, one sterile syringe for each child.

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Schedule for Women

When given to women of childbearing age, vaccines that contain tetanus toxoid (TT or Td) not only protect women against tetanus, but also prevent neonatal tetanus in their newborn infants

Vaccine	Minimum Age/Interval	Percent Protected	Duration of Protection
TT1	As early as possible during pregnancy	--	--
TT2	At least 4 weeks later	80%	infants born to the mother will be protected from neonatal tetanus gives 3 years protection for the mother
TT3	At least 6 months later	95%	infants born to the mother will be protected from neonatal tetanus gives 5 years protection for the mother
TT4	At least 1 year later	99%	infants born to the mother will be protected from neonatal tetanus gives 10 years protection for the mother
TT5	At least 1 year later	99%	gives lifetime protection for the mother all infants born to that mother will be protected

In June 2000, the 57 countries that have not yet achieved elimination of neonatal tetanus were ranked and the Philippines was listed together with 22 other countries in Class A, a classification for countries close to maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination.

Care for the Vaccines

To ensure the optimal potency of vaccines, careful attention is needed in handling practices at the country level. These include storage and transport of vaccines from the primary vaccine store down to the end-user at the health facility, and further down at the outreach sites. Inappropriate storage, handling and transport of vaccines won’t protect patients and may lead to needless vaccine wastage

A "first expiry and first out" (FEFO) vaccine system is practiced to assure that all vaccines are utilized before its expiry date. Proper arrangement of vaccines and/or labeling of expiry dates are done to identify those close to expiring. Vaccine temperature is monitored twice a day (early in the morning and in the afternoon) in all health facilities and plotted to monitor break in the cold chain. Each level of health facilities has cold chain equipment for use in the storage vaccines which included cold room, freezer, refrigerator, transport box, vaccine carriers, thermometers, cold chain monitors, ice packs, temperature monitoring chart and safety collector boxes

References

^ (2007) Public Health Nursing in the Philippines. Manila, Philippines: National League of Philippine Government Nurses, Inc, 141. ISBN 978-971-91593-2-2.
^ "Six Out of Ten Children 12 to 23 Months Are Fully Immunized", Final Results from the 2002 Maternal and Child Health Survey, National Statistics Office, 2003-06-02. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
^ Puvacic, S. (2004-02). "Protective effect of neonatal BCG vaccines against tuberculous meningitis.". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 4 (1): 46-9. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
^ (1987) "Immunisation". Dialogue on Diarrhoea Online (30): 1-6. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2001-10-12). "Public Health Dispatch: Acute Flaccid Paralysis Associated with Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus --- Philippines, 2001". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 50 (40): 874-5. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
^ Ni, Y. H.; M.H. Chang, L.M. Huang, H.L. Chen, H.Y. Hsu, T.Y. Chiu, K.S. Tsai, and D.S. Chen (2001-11-06). "Effects of Universal Vaccination for Hepatitis B". Annals of Internal Medicine 135 (9): S53. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
^ A Look at Each Vaccine: Hepatitis B Vaccine. Vaccine Education Center. The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
^ Chang, MH; C.J. Chen, M.S. Lai, H.M. Hsu, T.C. Wu, M.S. Kong, D.C. Liang, W.Y. Shau, D.S. Chen (1997-06-26). "Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Taiwan Childhood Hepatoma Study Group.". The New England Journal of Medicine 336 (26): 1906-7. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
^ Salazar, Tessa R.. "Cancer Preventable Says US Doctor", The Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2004-05-24. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
^ Orenstein, WA; L.E. Markowitz, W.L. Atkinson, A.R. Hinman (1994-05). "Worldwide measles prevention". Israel Journal of Medical Sciences 30 (5-6): 469-81. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
^ Measles (Catch Up Campaigns) - Toolkit for Volunteers. Health Initiative 2010. African Red Cross & Red Crescent. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
^ Zimmerman, Richard Kent. "Practice Guidelines - The 2000 Harmonized Immunization Schedule", American Family Physician, 2000-01-01. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
^ Management of the Traveler: Vaccination. Travel Medicine. Portal de Saúde Pública (1997). Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
^ General Recommendations on Immunizations (PDF). Epidemiology & Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases--The Pink Book 10th Edition. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007-02-14). Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
^ Department of Vaccines and Biologicals. "WHO Recommendations for Diluents", Vaccines and Biologicals Update, World Health Organization, 2000-12, pp. 3. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
^ Hoekstra, Edward. "Immunization: Injection Safety", UNICEF Expert Opinion, UNICEF. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
^ Tetanus - The Disease. Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. World Health Organization. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
^ "Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus", UNICEF, 2000-11. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
^ "Temperature Sensitivity of Vaccines", Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, 2006-08. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
^ "Handle Vaccines with Care", British Columbia Center for Disease Control. Retrieved on 2007-05-12.
^ (1995) Expanded Program on Immunization Manual. Manila, Philippines: Department of Health, Philippines.

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Games

2007-11-14T14:47:00.001+08:00

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Personality Tests

2007-11-14T14:41:00.001+08:00

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Love Story in Harvard - A Reflection

2007-10-28T18:56:00.001+08:00

Love Story in Harvard

Description:
Love Story in Harvard portrays the dream and love pursued by foreign students studying in Harvard. It demonstrates bright, hard-working, and romantic characters and storylines.

A young love story set at the famed Ivy League school in the United States. Kim Hyun Woo (Kim Rae Won), a 1st year law student at Harvard Law, enters into a rivalry with classmate Hong Jung Min (Lee Jung Jin) for the affections of beautiful medical student Lee Soo In (Kim Tae Hui). The two men are both from prestigious families, while Soo In is from a poor family. Can the trio resolve their romantic differences and chase their dreams at the same time?

The following is a part of my reflection paper back in college:

Far Eastern University

Institute of Nursing

Bogasan, Christine Vanessa P.
BSN 604
Ethics and Jurisprudence
Mrs. Alma Hernandez

- A REFLECTION –

“Love Story in Harvard”

The story was very inspiring. Different scenarios gave a picture of different kinds of love. A love between a father and a child, a love of a woman to her man (the two main characters) and vice versa, the love of a lover (the lawyer) to the woman who does not love him back, and the love of an aspiring woman to her principles and chosen profession. Each of these, I think, leaves different messages to the viewers, especially to me. But the latter was the one which really caught my attention…

In one situation portrayed one courageous act of a woman. Although this woman knew that saving a dying man with her own hands would charge her of committing malpractice on her profession - even if it could mean to be the end of her ambition to be a doctor, she still did what she knew was right – to preserve a human life. I believe she was indeed very compassionate of having to think of somebody’s welfare first before hers.

I strongly affirm to the Good Samaritan Law. If I were in her position, I WOULD NOT HESITATE TO DO THE SAME THING, given the same situation – I have a knowledge of the procedure, and there was no licensed (or more competent) person available who could give the most immediate intervention that would save the man from possible death. I may be alleged of the act of negligence by the authority, but I know in the eyes of the Lord, I become a hero…which I feel is the most important thing and the moral lesson in the story.

I think the girl was given even a little right to be heard which facilitated her to express her side and let others in the courtroom hear one ethical and splendid point of view and philosophy in life.

I really do not have an idea why the hearing of the case was done on a small room like that. What I am familiar to is the large courtroom where there are the judge, lawyers of both parties and some other authorities.

I am not against any law regarding the nursing or medical profession because I think it is made as a guideline for nursing and medical practices and also safeguards not only the rights of the patient, but also our rights. That is why we have legal process wherein a certain case is being studied and analyzed as to what is right and just. And in relation to the story viewed, I think justice was observed when the woman was acquitted of the case filed against her.

If only I belong to the production of this episode, I would have suggested to them to also tackle about the ethical position of the rule of Beneficence, under of which is the “principle of double effect”. With this concept, the secondary effects (further complications or death) may be foreseen, but can never be the intended outcomes. The woman just ETHICALLY INTERVENED by trying to help the dying man (no more competent individual was present in the incident), while understanding that she would less competently perform a newly known procedure which put the client at risk of possible complications – so long as the intended effect is the former and never the latter. Furthermore, the good intention (keeping the man alive) equal or outweighs the harmful effects (death or further complications).

This movie gave me more initiative to study and strive hard on my course and made me love my chosen profession even more. Recently, because I experience difficulty and complicatedness on my studies, and also sometimes our professors relate to us some stories of indisposed malpractices and negligence of few registered nurses, I came to think of my future job – what if I happened to do a wrong procedure?; what if I also unintentionally cut my patient’s finger?; what if the child of the mother whom delivery we supposed to attend, accidentally fell down the pail receptacle?; what if my licensed was impounded (the termination of my nursing profession) because of such inadvertent mistake? – and my more other “WHAT IFs”. It really bothered me for a while. But just after I saw the movie, I was greatly enlightened, that in this vocation, what matter are putting into practice the knowledge of the ethics and jurisprudence of nursing and also the care, empathy, love and compassion I could give to whoever would need my service, then everything I will do may somehow turn out to be nothing but for their (and even my) own good and safety.

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FEU Alumni Card, At Last! :)

2007-10-28T04:01:00.001+08:00

I just read in FEU- IN Friendster Group that the ALUMNI CARD is now available in FEU- Alumni Affairs Office, 2nd floor Administration Building (look for Sir Mar).

Alumni Card PRIVILEGES:
*Visitor's Pass is not anymore needed when visiting FEU
*FEU library access-free of charge
*10% discount for plane trip in any AIR PHILIPPINES travel (SOON will be PAL), papelmerotti, etc.
*Discounts in STARBUCKS, McDonalds, Pizza Hut, San Miguel Products are being worked out!!!

Cards are available in different categories:

BRONZE Card

SILVER Card

GOLD Card

DIAMOND Card

PLATINUM Card - LIFETIME MEMBERSHIP

NOTE: This is different from FEU-IN Alumni Card

Credit for this info goes to 'Adrian Joseph. Click his link and message him for further info.

Here is the link to the original post: FEU-IN Group (Topic: FEU Alumni Card)

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Non-CGFNS States

2007-10-22T20:02:00.001+08:00

The following states do not require CGFNS certification.

1. Arkansas
2. Arizona
3. California
4. Colorado
5. Florida
6. Georgia
7. Hawaii
8. Illinois
9. Kansas
10. Kentucky
11. Maryland
12. Michigan
13. Minnesota
14. Nevada
15. New Jersey
16. New Mexico
17. New York
18. Ohio
19. Oregon
20. South Carolina
21. Texas
22. Vermont

For further information (address, contact numbers, websites, etc.) about these states, visit NCSBN.org.

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37 Stress Management Tips

2007-10-22T15:02:00.001+08:00

Alternatives to Anxiety

By Michael Castleman

Stress is a fact of life, but being stressed out is not. We don't always have control over what happens to us, says Allen Elkin, Ph.D., director of the Stress Management Counseling Center in New York City, and yet, that doesn't mean we have to react to a difficult, challenging situation by becoming frazzled or feeling overwhelmed or distraught. Being overly anxious is not just a mental hazard; it's a physical one too. The more stressed out we are the more vulnerable we are to colds, flu, and a host of chronic or life-threatening illnesses. And the less open we are to the beauty and pleasure of life. For your emotional and bodily benefit, we've consulted experts and come up with 37 easy, natural alternatives to anxiety. Enjoy!

1. Breathe Easily
"Breathing from your diaphragm oxygenates your blood, which helps you relax almost instantly," says Robert Cooper, Ph.D., the San Francisco coauthor of The Power of 5 (Rodale Press, 1996), a book of five-second and five-minute health tips. Shallow chest breathing, by contrast, can cause your heart to beat faster and your muscles to tense up, exacerbating feelings of stress. To breathe deeply, begin by putting your hand on your abdomen just below the navel. Inhale slowly through your nose and watch your hand move out as your belly expands. Hold the breath for a few seconds, then exhale slowly. Repeat several times.

2. Visualize Calm
It sounds New Age-y, but at least one study, done at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, has found that it's highly effective in reducing stress. Dr. Cooper recommends imagining you're in a hot shower and a wave of relaxation is washing your stress down the drain. Gerald Epstein, M.D., the New York City author of Healing Visualizations (Bantam Doubleday Dell Press, 1989), suggests the following routine: Close your eyes, take three long, slow breaths, and spend a few seconds picturing a relaxing scene, such as walking in a meadow, kneeling by a brook, or lying on the beach. Focus on the details -- the sights, the sounds, the smells.

3. Make Time for a Mini Self-Massage
Maria Hernandez-Reif, Ph.D., of the Touch Research Institute at the University of Miami School of Medicine, recommends simply massaging the palm of one hand by making a circular motion with the thumb of the other. Or use a massage gadget. The SelfCare catalog offers several, such as the S-shaped Tamm unit, that allow you to massage hard-to-reach spots on your back. For a free catalog, call 800-345-3371 or go to www.selfcare.com.

4. Try a Tonic
A study at Duke University in Durham, NC, found homeopathy effective in quelling anxiety disorders. Look for stress formulas such as Nerve Tonic (from Hyland) or Sedalia (from Boiron) in your health food store, or consult a licensed homeopath. To find one near you, contact the National Center for Homeopathy, 801 North Fairfax St., Suite 306, Alexandria, VA 22314; 703-548-7790 or go to www.healthy.net/nch/.

5. Say Cheese
Smiling is a two-way mechanism. We do it when we're relaxed and happy, but doing it can also make us feel relaxed and happy. "Smiling transmits nerve impulses from the facial muscles to the limbic system, a key emotional center in the brain, tilting the neurochemical balance toward calm," Dr. Cooper explains. Go ahead and grin. Don't you feel better already?

6. Do Some Math
Using a scale of one to 10, with one being the equivalent of a minor hassle and 10 being a true catastrophe, assign a number to whatever it is that's making you feel anxious. "You'll find that most problems we encounter rate somewhere in the two to five range -- in other words, they're really not such a big deal," says Dr. Elkin.

7. Stop Gritting Your Teeth
Stress tends to settle in certain parts of our bodies, the jaw being one of them. When things get hectic, try this tip from Dr. Cooper: Place your index fingertips on your jaw joints, just in front of your ears; clench your teeth and inhale deeply. Hold the breath for a moment, and as you exhale say, "Ah-h-h-h," then unclench your teeth. Repeat a few times.

8. Compose a Mantra
Devise an affirmation -- a short, clear, positive statement that focuses on your coping abilities. "Affirmations are a good way to silence the self-critical voice we all carry with us that only adds to our stress," Dr. Elkin says. The next time you feel as if your life is one disaster after another, repeat 10 times, "I feel calm. I can handle this."

9. Check Your Chi
Qigong (pronounced chee-gong) is a 5,000-year-old Chinese practice designed to promote the flow of chi, the vital life force that flows throughout the body, regulating its functions. Qigong master Ching-Tse Lee, Ph.D., a professor of psychology at Brooklyn College in New York, recommends this calming exercise: Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and parallel. Bend your knees to a quarter-squat position (about 45 degrees) while keeping your upper body straight. Observe your breathing for a couple of breaths. Inhale and bring your arms slowly up in front of you to shoulder height with your elbows slightly bent. Exhale, stretching your arms straight out. Inhale again, bend your elbows slightly and drop your arms down slowly until your thumbs touch the sides of your legs. Exhale one more time, then stand up straight.

10. Be a Fighter
"At the first sign of stress, you often hear people complain, 'What did I do to deserve this?'" says Dr. Cooper. The trouble is, feeling like a victim only increases feelings of stress and helplessness. Instead, focus on being proactive. If your flight gets canceled, don't wallow in self-pity. Find another one. If your office is too hot or too cold, don't suffer in silence. Call the building manager and ask what can be done to make things more comfortable.

11. Put It on Paper
Writing provides perspective, says Paul J. Rosch, M.D., president of the American Institute of Stress in Yonkers, NY. Divide a piece of paper into two parts. On the left side, list the stressors you may be able to change, and on the right, list the ones you can't. "Change what you can," Dr. Rosch suggests, "and stop fretting over what you can't."

12. Count to 10
Before you say or do something you'll regret, step away from the stressor and collect yourself, advises Dr. Cooper. You can also look away for a moment or put the caller on hold. Use your time-out to take a few deep breaths, stretch, or recite an affirmation.

13. Switch to Decaf
Wean yourself slowly, or you might get a caffeine-withdrawal headache that could last for several days, cautions James Duke, Ph.D., the Fulton, MD, author of The Green Pharmacy (Rodale Press, 1997). Subtract a little regular coffee and add some decaf to your morning cup. Over the next couple of weeks, gradually increase the proportion of decaf to regular until you're drinking all decaf. You should also consider switching from regular soft drinks to caffeine-free ones or sparkling mineral water.

14. Just Say No
Trying to do everything is a one-way ticket to serious stress. Be clear about your limits, and stop trying to please everyone all the time.

15. Take a Whiff
Oils of anise, basil, bay, chamomile, eucalyptus, lavender, peppermint, rose, and thyme are all soothing, say Kathy Keville and Mindy Green, coauthors of Aromatherapy: A Complete Guide to the Healing Art (Crossing Press, 1995). Place a few pieces of rock salt in a small vial, then add a couple of drops of the oil of your choice (the rock salt absorbs the oil and is much less risky to carry around in your purse than a bottle of oil). Open the vial and breathe in the scent whenever you need a quick stress release. Look for the oils in your local health food store, or try one of the following mail-order companies: Aroma-Vera, 5901 Rodeo Rd., Los Angeles, CA 90016, 800-669-9514; or Leydet Aromatics, P.O. Box 2354, Fair Oaks, CA 95628, 916-965-7546.

16. Warm Up
Try this tip from David Sobel, M.D., in San Jose, CA, author of The Healthy Mind, Healthy Body Handbook (I S H K Book Service, 1997) : Rub your hands together vigorously until they feel warm. Then cup them over your closed eyes for five seconds while you breathe deeply. The warmth and darkness are comforting.

17. Say Yes to Pressure
Acupressure stimulates the same points as acupuncture, but with fingers instead of needles. Michael Reed Gach, Ph.D., director of the Acupressure Institute in Berkeley, CA, recommends pressing on the following three points:

The Third Eye, located between the eyebrows, in the indentation where the bridge of the nose meets the forehead.
The Heavenly Pillar, on the back of the neck slightly below the base of the skull, about half an inch to the left or right of the spine.
The Heavenly Rejuvenation, half an inch below the top of each shoulder, midway between the base of the neck and the outside of the shoulder blade.

Breathe deeply and apply firm, steady pressure on each point for two to three minutes. The pressure should cause a mild aching sensation, but not pain. 18. Schedule Worry Time
Some stressors demand immediate attention -- a smoke alarm siren or a police car's whirling red light. But many low-grade stressors can be dealt with at a later time, when it's more convenient. "File them away in a little mental compartment, or make a note," Dr. Elkin says, "then deal with them when the time is right. Don't let them control you."

19. Shake It Up
This quick exercise helps loosen the muscles in your neck and upper back, says Dr. Sobel: Stand or sit, stretch your arms out from your sides and shake your hands vigorously for about 10 seconds. Combine this with a little deep breathing, Dr. Sobel says, and you'll do yourself twice as much good.

20. Munch Some Snacks
Foods that are high in carbohydrates stimulate the release of serotonin, feel-good brain chemicals that help induce calm, says Dr. Cooper. Crackers, pretzels, or a bagel should do the trick.

21. Boost Your Vitamin Intake
Elizabeth Somer, R.D., author of Food and Mood (Owl Books, 1999), in Salem, OR, recommends that women take a daily multivitamin and mineral formula that contains between 100% and 300% of the recommended dietary allowances of vitamin B, as well as the minerals calcium, magnesium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and zinc. Avoid stress formulas, which often contain large amounts of randomly formulated nutrients, such as the B vitamins, but little or nothing else, Somer says.

22. Get Horizontal
If sex has been on the bottom of your to-do list for too long, move it to the top. Sex increases levels of endorphins, those mood-boosting chemicals in the brain, and it's one of the best total-body relaxers around, says Louanne Cole Weston, Ph.D., a sex therapist in Sacramento, CA. Make a date with your mate, and don't let anything get in the way.

23. Admit It
Each of us has uniquely individual stress signals -- neck or shoulder pain, shallow breathing, stammering, teeth gritting, queasiness, loss of temper. Learn to identify yours, then say out loud, "I'm feeling stressed," when they crop up, recommends Dr. Rosch. Recognizing your personal stress signals helps slow the buildup of negativity and anxiety.

24. Space Out
Look out the window and find something natural that captures your imagination, advises Dr. Sobel. Notice the clouds rolling by or the wind in the trees.

25. Try Tea
By now most of us know about the calming properties of chamomile tea. But a steaming cup of catnip, passionflower, skullcap or kava kava also work, according to Dr. Duke. Whether you use tea bags or loose tea (one teaspoon of tea per cup of boiling water), steep for about 10 minutes to get the full benefits of the herbs.

26. Take a Walk
It forces you to breathe more deeply and improves circulation, says Dr. Cooper. Step outside if you can; if that's not possible, you can gain many of the same benefits simply by walking to the bathroom or water cooler, or by pacing back and forth. "The key is to get up and move," Dr. Cooper says.

27. Soak it Up
"When I have the time, nothing is more stress relieving for me than a hot bath," Dr. Weston says. "But when I don't have time, I do the next-best thing: I wash my face or even just my hands and arms with hot water. The key is to imagine that I'm taking a hot bath. It's basically a visualization exercise, but the hot water makes it feel real."

28. Play a Few Bars
A number of recent studies have shown that music can do everything from slow heart rate to increase endorphins. Good bets: Bach's "Air on the G-String," Beethoven's Pastorale symphony, Chopin's Nocturne in G, Handel's Water Music, or pianist George Winston's CDs Autumn or December..

29. Fall for Puppy Love
In a study of 100 women conducted last year at the State University of New York at Buffalo, researchers found that those who owned a dog had lower blood pressure than those who didn't. If you don't have a pooch, visit a friend's: Petting an animal for just a couple of minutes helps relieve stress, researchers have found.

30. Practice Mindfulness
Heighten your awareness of the moment by focusing intently on an object. Notice a pencil's shape, color, weight and feel. Or slowly savor a raisin or a piece of chocolate. Mindfulness leads to relaxation.

31. Dial a Friend
Sharing your troubles can give you perspective, help you feel cared for and relieve your burden.

32. Stretch
Muscles tighten during the course of the day, and when we feel stressed out, the process accelerates. Stretching loosens muscles and encourages deep breathing. Molly Fox, creative fitness director at the Equinox Fitness Center in New York City, says one of the greatest stress-relieving stretches is a yoga position called the child pose, which stretches the back muscles. On a rug or mat, kneel, sit back on your heels, then lean forward and put your forehead on the floor and your arms alongside your legs, palms up. Hold for one to three minutes.

33. Say a Little Prayer
Studies show that compared with those who profess no faith, religious and spiritual people are calmer and healthier.

34. Make Plans
"Looking forward to something provides calming perspective," Dr. Elkin says. Buy concert tickets, schedule a weekend getaway, or make an appointment for a massage.

35. Goof Off
It temporarily removes you from a potentially stressful situations. Esther Orioli, president of Essi Systems, a San Francisco consultant company that organizes stress-management programs, keeps a harmonica in the drawer for when she's feeling stressed out. Bonus: Playing it promotes deep breathing.

36. Straighten Up
When people are under stress, they slump over as if they have the weight of the world on their shoulders. "Slumping restricts breathing and reduces blood and oxygen flow to the brain, adding to muscle tension and magnifying feelings of panic and helplessness," Dr. Cooper explains. Straightening your spine has just the opposite effect. It promotes circulation, increases oxygen levels in your blood and helps lessen muscle tension, all of which promote relaxation.

37. Tiptoe Through the Tulips
Tending your garden helps get you out of your head and lets you commune with nature, a known stress reliever. If you're not a gardener, tend to a houseplant. Plants = growth = cycle of life, a nice reminder that stress, too, will pass.

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.................Let's Stop Abortion................

2007-10-22T11:28:00.000+08:00

Message:

Month 1
Mommy, I am only 8 inches long, but I
have all my organs. I love the sound
of your voice. Every time I hear it, I
wave my arms and legs. The sound of
your heart beat is my favorite lullaby.

Month 2
Mommy, today I learned how to suck my
thumb. If you could see me, you could
definitely tell that I am a baby. I'm
not big enough to survive outside my
home though. It is so nice and warm in
here.

Month 3
You know what Mommy, I'm a girl!! I
hope that makes you happy. I always
want you to be happy. I don't like it
when you cry. You sound so sad. It
makes me sad too, and I cry with you
even though you can't hear me.

Month 4
Mommy, my hair is starting to grow. It
is very short and fine, but I will
have a lot of it. I spend a lot of my
time exercising. I can turn my head
and curl my fingers and toes, and
stretch my arms and legs. I am
becoming quite good at it too.

Month 5
You went to the doctor today. Mommy,
he lied to you. He said that I'm not a
baby. I am a baby Mommy, your baby. I
think and feel. Mommy, what's abortion?

Month 6
I can hear that doctor again. I don't
like him. He seems cold and heartless.
Something is intruding my home. The
doctor called it a needle. Mommy what
is it? It burns! Please make him stop!
I can't get away from it! Mommy!! HELP
me!!

Month 7
Mommy, I am okay. I am in Jesus'
arms. he is holding me. He told me
about abortion. Why didn't you want
me, Mommy?

Every Abortion Is Just . . .
One more heart that was stopped.
Two more eyes that will never see.
Two more hands that will never touch.
Two more legs that will never run.
One more mouth that will never speak.

You can repost this on your blog if you are against Abortion..

4 NEW IELTS NINERS!

2007-10-22T09:16:00.000+08:00

Enroll na!!! hehehe...

The following got scores of 9.0 on the last Sept. 22 exam:
Heizl Delizo
Veni Genetiano
Bianca Macapagal
Ayvi Alcain

0.9 Niner IELTS Review Center has produced 23 perfect scrorers.

For inquiries, call:

Quezon Ave Branch: tel# 4142192
Taft Branch: tel# 8511739

Open daily 9am-9pm. Kapag may power interruption lang daw sila close sabi ni Sir Ervin..hehe..

FREE IELTS ORIENTATION weekly; cosponsored by BRITISH COUNCIL

How to Survive a Heart Attack When Alone?

2007-10-21T23:02:00.000+08:00

How to Survive a Heart Attack When Alone?

Click on the image above to open the presentation with Microsoft Powerpoint ^_^

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Yahoo! Briefcase

2007-10-21T14:35:00.001+08:00

Hi! I just want to share with you some of my favorite online tools . This one has been very helpful to me since i was in secondary school. Almost all my computer files (mail attachments, reaction papers, NCP's, and other miscellaneous documents) are stored on this briefcase. Just making sure i make use of all the available resources. :)

Kico, a friend of mine gave me an idea to recommend this useful tool to everyone, since he is having problem regarding where to store his files, instead of discarding them. hehe.. :P

I made an inside screenshot (below) of my own Yahoo! Briefcase to give you an idea how it looks like. The encircled part is some of my saved files.

To give you an overview:

What is Yahoo! Briefcase?

Yahoo! Briefcase allows you to store files online and then access them from anywhere. Think of it as an extra hard drive that you can use from any computer connected to the Internet. It's a tool for managing files from home, work, or any other location—and a great way to share files with family, friends, and co-workers.

30 worth of space for free, to get you started. That's room for plenty of files to keep you busy. There's no catch; you only have to be a registered Yahoo! user.

You don't need to know HTML or any technical tricks to get started. Return often to take advantage of the new services that make it even easier to share and manage pictures and files.

To get started, click below:

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